Enescu, Miruna

This invention discloses of a radically new nanomaterial and fabrication method for the excellent removal of pathogenic microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi) from the nonbiological external surfaces (like glass or traditional wall materials of nonmedical and medical living spaces such as private residence, schools, crowded enclosed rooms or medical settings such as operating rooms, and medical instruments, equipment and other nonbiological surfaces that need proper antimicrobial protection), and for the enhanced photocatalytic removal of organic pollutant from water and/or enhanced water split reactions for hydrogen generation. This high efficiency is demonstrated by (i) exploiting the local plasmonic heating (photothermal) effect and the enhanced photocatalytic effect of the plasmonic noble metal (core) (Au, Ag)-semiconducting metal oxides (ZnO, TiO₂, SnO₂, CeO₂ or any other metal oxide) (shell) binary nanocomposites, which are exposed to the light spectrum, from ultraviolet up to visible and near infrared range, and, (ii) by eliminating the well-known limitations of narrowband light absorption features specific to the plasmonic nanohybrids. As a results of these effects, harvesting as much as possible of the entire solar light spectrum and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is obtained. In addition, for antimicrobial applications, direct reaction of cations released by the metal oxides with the pathogenic cells in the presence or absence of light may contribute to these benefic effects. These enhanced synergetic effects will kill the pathogenic microbes due to either temperature increase above their supportability level, and/or due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which will react with the microbe cell membrane and the inner cell components, for destroying it. The exemplary embodiments related to the original synthesis and use of the novel plasmonic core-shell wideband nanocomposites which are here obtained by mixing of the Au@ZnO, Au@TiO₂, Au@SnO₂, Au@CeO₂, Ag@ZnO, Ag@TiO₂, Ag@SnO₂ and Ag@CeO₂ core-shell plasmonic groups of certain shapes and sizes will change the plasmonic paradigm from "tuning the narrowband absorption of the plasmonic nanocomposite to a certain incident light spectrum " to "a wideband personalized absorption of the incident light of the plasmonic nanocomposite harvesting the light spectrum from ultraviolet to visible and near infrared", which is also present in the harvested sunlight.

The present invention relates to a photosensitizer that initiates crosslinking in response to photoactivating radiation, for use in treating dry eye disease in a subject, wherein the photosensitizer is applied to at least a portion of the exposed palpebral conjunctiva of an eye of the subject, and the exposed palpebral conjunctiva is irradiated with photoactivating radiation to initiate crosslinking in the tarsal plate tissue at the base of the palpebral conjunctiva.

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