Väänänen, Janne Kalervo

A power converter (101) comprises a first terminal (102) connectable to a capacitive energy storage (106), a converter circuitry (104) for voltage conversion between direct voltage of the first terminal and one or more voltages of a second terminal of the power converter, and a control system (105) for controlling the converter circuitry and discharge circuits of series connected capacitive elements of the capacitive energy storage to control voltage balance between the capacitive elements based on: voltages of the capacitive elements, current of the capacitive energy storage, capacitances of the capacitive elements, and equivalent serial resistances of the capacitive elements. To estimate the capacitances and the equivalent serial resistances, the control circuit controls the converter circuitry to supply identification current via the first terminal and computes the estimates based on the identification current and on changes caused by the identification current in the voltages of the capacitive elements.

A system for manufacturing screw caps from cardboard or paperboard comprises cutting tools configured to cut pieces of the cardboard or paperboard, folding tools configured to fold each piece to form a cap blank (110) such that a sidewall (116) of the cap blank has two-fold cardboard or paperboard, and shaping tools comprising support elements (111-113) and a roller (114) rotatably supported with respect to the support elements. The support elements are configured to press a contact surface of the roller against a surface of the sidewall of the cap blank and simultaneously scroll the roller along the surface of the sidewall. The contact surface of the roller has a helical pattern for forming by pressing at least one thread section (118) on the surface of the sidewall of the cap blank when the roller is scrolled along the surface of the sidewall.

A management system for controlling luminaires (109-112) comprises a presence sensor (101, 102) for producing occupancy data indicative of presence of an object on an area illuminated by the luminaires. The management system comprises a control system (106) for controlling the luminaires based on the occupancy data, and a signaling device (107) for generating a signal noticeable by an object on the area. The control system deactivates or dims down the luminaires when the occupancy data indicates that the area has been unoccupied for a delay time, and to control the signaling device to generate the signal when the occupancy data indicates that the area has become unoccupied. If the area is falsely detected to be unoccupied, the signal typically makes an object to react and the presence of the object can be detected based on the reaction, and unwanted deactivation or dimming down of the luminaires can be avoided.

A control system for voltage balancing of an energy storage system comprises a data processing system (108) for carrying out the balancing in a hierarchical way so that an upper level of the balancing controls voltage balance of series connected energy storage racks (101-103) of the energy storage system and a lower level of the balancing controls the voltage balance of series connected energy storage modules (104-106), such as capacitor modules or cells, within each energy storage rack utilizing a rack reference value, such as a reference voltage, given by the upper level balancing to the energy storage rack. Due to the hierarchical approach, the control system is scalable to very large energy storage systems which may comprise thousands, or even tens of thousands, of energy storage cells.

An electric system comprises electrical components (101b, 101d, 101e) such as capacitors and/or battery elements, and at least one busbar (102a, 102d) arranged to connect two or more of poles of the electrical components electrically to each other. The busbar is tubular to allow cooling medium, such as air or cooling liquid, to flow through the busbar. As the busbar is tubular, its inner surface and its outer surface can act as cooling surfaces of the busbar. Therefore, the cooling area of the busbar can be increased without excessively increasing the room needed by the busbar. Furthermore, the tubular one or more busbars may facilitate flow management of the cooling medium.

A power supply (100) for feeding direct current (I_DC) to a load (109) comprises an input voltage terminal (101) for receiving input voltage (V_AC), a direct voltage terminal (102) for supplying the direct current (I_DC) to the load, an input voltage converter (103) configured to convert the input voltage (V_AC) to direct voltage (V_DC) of the direct voltage terminal, and a capacitor (104) connected to the direct voltage terminal to respond to beginnings of peak current needs of the load. To respond to continuation sections of the peak current needs of the load, the power supply comprises a super-capacitor (105) and a direct voltage converter (106) between the super-capacitor and the direct voltage terminal and configured to carry out voltage conversion between direct voltage (V_{DC_S}) of the super-capacitor and the direct voltage (V_DC) of the direct voltage terminal.

A lighting control system comprises at least one imaging device (101) for producing at least one electronic image and at least one presence sensor (115a-115d) for detecting occupancy. The lighting control system comprises a controller (102) configured to run an artificial intelligence process to identify a type of an object presented by the electronic image and to control, when occupancy is detected, the lighting system based on the type identified by the artificial intelligence process. The identification of the type of the object makes it possible to control the lighting system in accordance with requirements specific to the identified type. For example, different lighting control can be used for an office worker who stays typically hours in an office than for a guard who walks through the office in few minutes.

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Zusammenfassung wird geladen …

Zusammenfassung wird geladen …