Indian Oil Corporation Patente

The invention relates to the process for conversion of organic rich feed stock or industrial byproduct or CO₂ derived intermediates into tailor made microbial oil. This process involves the addition of growth inducers and providing intermittent temperature-shock to induce the biomass yield and oil accumulation. The mutated yeast used herein improves the synthesis trait of tailor-made chain length and process conditions herein to improve the production yield of biomass and oil quality. The mutated yeast was subject to process optimization with varied temperature-shock conditions and the presence of growth inducers. The produced microbial oil has potential application for biodiesel, biolubricants and bio-additives.

The present invention relates a biodegradable 3D composite hydrogel scaffold and a process for preparing the same from a cross-linkable synthetic biodegradable polymer, methacrylated poly multi-carboxylic acid-polyethylene glycol (MA-PMCA-PEG) and a modified natural polymer maleated gelatin (GEL-MEA). The invention deals with development of cross-linkable synthetic and natural polymers from simple and cost-effective methods. A multicarboxylic acid-b-polyethylene glycol (PMCA-PEG), is synthesized by a direct melt polycondensation technique and thereafter methacrylated using glycidyl methacrylate to prepare cross-linkable MA-PMCA-PEG, which is a new biodegradable material with excellent cross-linking properties. The natural polymer gelatin (GEL) is reacted with maleic anhydride (MEA) to get cross-linkable GEL-MEA.

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The present invention is related to the isomerization process in which a light naphtha stream comprising of paraffinic (mono and single branched), naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the range of C<5>-C<7> is contacted with the solid catalyst in multiple reaction zones and in presence of hydrogen to produce high octane gasoline predominantly comprising of paraffins (single and di-branched) and naphthenes. The process scheme comprises of more than one isomerization reaction section operating at different temperatures and other operating conditions. The catalyst employed in these reaction sections is a high coordination sulfated mixed metal oxide catalyst which contains at least one noble metal and sulfated zirconia in addition to the other components. The process of the present invention also comprises more than one fractionation section and recycling of a particular stream to the reaction zone for improving the isomerization of light naphtha.

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The invention of waste tire-derived pyrolysis oil conversion process (Figure 1) involves a systematic approach, commencing with fractionation in a 1st Separator (Streams: 3, 4, 5) and subsequent treatment. The 250°C+ stream undergoes mild thermal cracking in a Furnace (6), while the 190°C- stream acts as a quench medium. Further separation in a 2nd Separator (13) results in diverse streams (14-18), contributing to process optimization. The 190-300°C stream undergoes mild hydrocracking in a Reactor (22) with specialized catalysts, separating into Hydrogen and Product streams in a 3rd Separator (24). The 4th Separator (27) refines the Product stream, generating valuable fractions (29-31). In a Steam Cracker (32), the Light Naphtha stream (29) undergoes severe thermal cracking, producing C9-chemicals, Pyrolysis Fuel Oil, and C9-200°C stream (33). Further separation in a 5th Separator (34) yields refined fractions (35-37). This process optimizes waste tire oil utilization, providing valuable products and contributing to sustainable waste management.

The present invention relates to a process for preparation of metal free, nontoxic, hydrocarbon fuel compatible fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQD), which act as marker as well as lubricity improver. CQDs are highly stable in non-polar hydrocarbons, at ppm level exhibit distinct fluorescent color upon irradiation with light of specific wavelength and exhibit distinct spectral properties compared to non-polar base hydrocarbons.

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Zinc complex greases with different complexing acids having dropping points comparable to lithium greases and tailor-made dropping points can be made by processing at low temperature in open as well as close kettle process. The present invention discloses a process of manufacturing Zinc complex greases - through reaction of fatty acid and complexing acid with zinc oxide in mineral oil to obtain zinc complex greases having high dropping points of 180 to 280 °C.

The present invention relates to reusable metal substrate for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting applications. The process comprises preparing a surface of the metal substrate, coating the surface of the metal substrate using photoactive semiconductor thin films, forming a working electrode, scaling-up of the working electrode, and re-using the metal substrate. The present invention has advantages such as higher current, better handling, capability to reuse and capability of direct geometrical scale-up of the electrodes.

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An integrated approach for utilizing waste products of 2G bio-refineries to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present invention also provides a method of recycling of two waste products (2-G ethanol residue as the substrate (LRBR) and fusel oil/ synthetic fusel oil (SFO) as one of the solvent) of the biorefineries in a beneficial manner to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present method of separating high purity lignin comprises fractioning extractive-free lignin rich residue with a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of SFO/ Fusel oil and Formic acid. An optimized ratio of waste fusel oil and formic acid gave more than >85% yields of high purity lignin.

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The present invention relates to an apparatus 100 and method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream. The apparatus comprises an inner conduit 101 having an inlet for receiving the diluent/dispersion stream; an outer conduit 102 having an inlet for receiving the hydrocarbon stream and an outlet for dispensing a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the dispersion /diluent streams; said outer conduit concentric to the inner conduit to define atleast a first annular space 107 and a second annular space 108; the first annular space being located downstream of the inlet of the outer conduit, said first annular space enabling formation of a thin film of the hydrocarbon stream between an outer surface of the inner conduit and an inner surface of the outer conduit; the second annular space being located downstream of the first annular space, said second annular space having a width greater than a width of the first annular space; and the inner conduit located at about the second annular space comprises a first set orifices 109 disposed on a periphery thereof for dispensing a first portion of the dispersion/diluent stream into the thin film of hydrocarbon stream to cross-shear the thin film and form the mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the dispersion /diluent streams.

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