Leonardo Patente

A system (20) for detecting anomalies of a transmission assembly (8) of an aircraft (1). The aircraft (1) comprises a lubrication system (10), which comprises a tank (11) containing a lubricating fluid, a nozzle (12) configured to supply the lubricating fluid to the transmission assembly (8) and a fluid line (13), which fluidly connects the tank (11) to the nozzle (12). The detection system (20) comprises a first device (22), which detects a first quantity (n) associated with particles transported by the lubricating fluid along the fluid line (13), a second device (23), which detects a second quantity (ai) associated with vibrations of the transmission assembly (8) and an electronic control unit (24). The electronic control unit (24) verifies whether one between the first quantity (n) and the second quantity (ai) satisfies a first control criterion, whether the other between the first quantity (n) and the second quantity (ai) satisfies a second control criterion when the first control criterion is not satisfied and determines the presence of a possible anomaly of the transmission assembly (8) and/or provides for corrective actions when neither control criteria are satisfied.

A method is described for estimating the pitch angle (γ) of the blades (25) of a rotor (10, 10') of an aircraft (1) capable of hovering comprising a motor member (16) with a stator (14) and an output shaft (18) rotatable about the stator (14); a hub (19) rotatable about the axis (B) and operatively connected with the output shaft (18) so as to be rotatable with an angular velocity (ω) about the axis (B); at least two blades (25) rotatable about the axis (B) and about corresponding second axes (D) of extension of the blades (25), so as to adjust the pitch angles (γ) of the blades (25) between a first value (α) and a second value (β) different from each other; the method comprises the steps of: i) computing a third value associated with the torque (τ_EM) generated by the motor (16); ii) computing a fourth value associated with the torque (τ_tr) required, in use, by the rotor (10, 10'); iii) computing a fifth value associated with the thrust coefficient (C_P) and a sixth value associated with the thrust coefficient (C_T) of the rotor (10, 10'), also based on the fourth value; iv) comparing the fifth and sixth values with seventh and eighth threshold values (Th_P, Th_T); and v) estimating a ninth value of the pitch angle (γ), based on the result of step iv). (Figure 2)

A half-wing (3, 3', 3", 3‴; 8; 9) for a convertible aircraft (1) capable of hovering is described, comprising: a first portion (50) that can be attached to a fuselage (2) of the aircraft (1); a second portion (51) that can be tilted with respect to the first portion (50) around a first axis (H; I; J); a first rotor (20a, 20b; 21a, 21b; 22a, 22b) integral with the second portion (51) and revolving about a second axis (B, C; D, E; F, G) transverse to the first axis (H; L; J); the second portion (51) being tiltable with respect to the first portion (50) by a first angle (α) between a first and a second position associated, respectively, with a first forward flight configuration and a second take-off/landing configuration of the aircraft (1); the half-wing (3, 3', 3", 3‴; 8, 9) comprises a wing area (60) defining a free wing tip (52) of the half-wing (3) and operationally connected to the second portion (51); each first rotor (20a, 20b; 21a, 21b; 22a, 22b) is interposed between the first wing area (60) and the first portion (50) along the first axis (H; L; J).

A rolling bearing (20) for a helicopter (1) is described, comprising a first ring (21) extending around an axis (A) and a second ring (22) extending around the axis (A) and radially external to the first ring (20). The rolling bearing (20) further comprises a plurality of rolling bodies (23, 24) cooperating with said first and second rings (21, 22), so as to roll on respective raceways (25, 26, 27, 28) of said first and second rings (21, 22) and to allow the relative rotation between the first and the second ring (21, 22) around the axis (A); and a cage (29) configured to maintain the rolling bodies (23, 24) angularly distanced from each other around the axis (A). The cage (29) comprises a cavity (30) configured to be selectively engaged by a sensor (50); and facing the first ring (21) and/or the second ring (22).

An aircraft (1, 1', 1") is described with a fuselage (2) extending along a first longitudinal axis (Y) of the aircraft (1, 1', 1"); a pair of half-wings (3, 8) projecting sideways, cantilevered, from the fuselage (2); a pair of first rotors (20a, 20b; 21a, 21b; 22a, 22b) that revolve about a second axis (B, C; D, E; F, G) and can be tilted independently of each other about a third axis (H; L; J); a pair of first motors (30a, 30b; 31a, 31b; 32a, 32b) that can be operated to rotate first rotors (20a, 20b; 21a, 21b; 22a, 22b) independently of each other; the aircraft (1, 1', 1") can be moved between: a first forward flight configuration and a second take-off/landing configuration in which the second axes (B, C; D, E; F, G) are arranged transverse to the first axis (Y); first wing areas (60a, 60b; 61a; 62a, 62b; 70a, 70b; 72a, 72b) operationally connected to respective first rotors (20a, 20b; 21a; 21b; 22a, 22b); the first wing areas (60a, 60b; 61a, 61b; 62a, 62b; 70a, 70b; 72a, 72b) being tiltable with respect to the third axis (H; L; J) as a result of the inclination of the respective first rotors (20a, 20b; 21a; 21b; 22a, 22b) about the third axis (H; L; J) independently of each other.

There is disclosed a method of controlling a helicopter (1) comprising: at least one thermal engine (11); at least one rotor (3), which is operatively connectable to thermal engine (11) to be drive, in use, at a set rotational speed (ω<SET>); an emergency system (40) comprising: at least one electric motor (41), which is operatively connectable to rotor (3) and an electrical power source (42), which is electrically connected to electric motor (41); the method comprises the steps of i) operatively connecting thermal engine (11) to rotor (3) and keeping electric motor (41) disconnected by rotor (3) or idle, in a normal operating condition of thermal engine (11); ii) detecting if thermal engine (11) is in at least partial failure condition; iii) accelerating electric motor (41) up to when said current rotational speed (ω) equals set value (ω<SET>), in case of at least partial failure of said thermal engine (11); step iii) comprises the steps of iv) sensing a plurality of parameters (ω, ω<ERR>, ϕ, ϕ<ERR>, IIT, τ<τ/s>, τ<MGB>, Power<τ/s>, Power<MGB>) of thermal engine (11) and rotor (3); and v) identifying an at least partial failure of thermal engine (11), on the basis of parameters (ω, ω<ERR>, ϕ, ϕ<ERR>, IIT, τ, P. (Figure 1)

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An aircraft (1) is described comprising a pilot cockpit (10); a windshield (11) delimiting the cockpit (10); a windscreen wiper (14, 15) comprising a plurality of nozzles (16, 17); a first tank (20) filled with a cleaning fluid and fluidically connected with the nozzles (16, 17); and a control unit (30) programmed to determine a flow of cleaning fluid from the first tank (20) towards the windshield (11) and through the nozzles (16, 17); the aircraft (1) further comprises a second tank (35) filled with an anti-icing/de-icing fluid and fluidically connected with the nozzles (16, 17); the control unit (30) determines a flow of anti-icing/de-icing fluid from the second tank (35) towards the windshield (11) and through the nozzles (16, 17).

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A convertiplane (1) is described, which comprises a fuselage (2) extending along a first axis (A), a pair of half-wings (3) projecting cantilevered from respective sides of the fuselage (2), a pair of nacelles (4) housing respective engines and operatively connected to the half-wings (3); and a pair of rotors (5) associated with the half-wings (3), rotatable around respective second axes (B) and tiltable so as to arrange the convertiplane (1) in an airplane configuration or in a helicopter configuration. Each half-wing (3) further comprises a wingbox (20) and an appendage (21) articulated on the wingbox (20) and selectively movable between a relative first neutral operating position taken when the convertiplane (1) is in the airplane configuration and in which it defines an extension of the wingbox (20) and a relative second position taken when the convertiplane (1) is in the helicopter configuration and in which it defines with the wingbox (20) a compartment (50) through which the air flow generated by the respective rotor (5) can pass. The convertiplane (1) comprises a closing system (60) configured to elastically preload each appendage (21) towards the respective first neutral operating position.

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There is described an aircraft (1, 1', 1", 1‴, 1"", 1‴ʺ, 1‴‴ 1‴‴) comprising a structure (2) comprising, in turn, a nose (4) and a tail (5); a pair of half-wings (3); a first and a second rotor (20a, 20b) respectively rotatable around a third and fourth axis (B, C); a third and a fourth rotor (21a, 21b) respectively rotatable around a fifth and sixth axis (D, E); and a fifth and a sixth rotor (22a, 22b) carried by respective half-wings (3) and respectively rotatable around a seventh and eighth axis (F, G) with respect to the structure (2); the aircraft (1, 1', 1" , 1‴, 1"", 1‴ʺ, 1‴‴ 1‴‴) is switchable between a first hovering or taking off/landing configuration wherein the seventh and eighth axis (F, G) are arranged orthogonal to the first axis (Y); and a second forward flight configuration wherein the seventh and eighth axis (F, G) are arranged parallel or inclined with respect to the first axis (Y); the aircraft ((1, 1', 1", 1‴, 1ʺʺ, 1‴ʺ, 1‴‴ 1‴‴) comprises a first support beam (30) supporting the first, third and fifth rotor (20a, 21a, 23a); and a second support beam (31) supporting the second, fourth and sixth rotor (20b, 21b, 23b) each connected to a respective half-wing (3) and to a respective aerodynamic surface (9). (Fig. 1)

A transmission assembly (3; 3'; 3"; 3ʹʹʹ; 3ʺʺ; 3‴ʺʹ; 3‴‴; 3‴‴′ʹ; 3‴‴ʺ) for an aircraft (1; 1'; 1"; 1ʹʹʹ. 1ʺʺ; 1‴ʺ; 1‴‴; 1‴‴′; 1‴‴ʺ), comprising a member to be lubricated (18; 40; 1800; 1801; 1400; 1401) for transmission of the motion; a tank (50; 500"; 500‴; 500ʺʺ; 500‴ʺ; 500‴‴; 1500; 2500) for a lubricating fluid and passive retaining means (60; 60'; 501"; 503‴, 504‴; 503ʺʺ; 503‴ʺ, 506‴ʺ; 600‴‴; 1600; 2600) adapted to prevent, in use, outflow of the lubricating fluid from the tank (50; 500"; 500‴; 500ʺʺ; 500‴ʺ; 500‴‴; 1500; 2500) when the temperature of the member to be lubricated (18; 40; 1800; 1801; 1400; 1401) is below a threshold value and to allow, in use, outflow of the lubricating fluid from the tank (50; 500"; 500‴; 500ʺʺ; 500‴ʺ; 500‴‴; 1500; 2500) towards said member to be lubricated (18; 40; 1800; 1801; 1400; 1401), when the temperature of the member to be lubricated (18; 40; 1800; 1801; 1400; 1401) is higher than or equal to the threshold value.

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