SK Innovation Patente

An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a silicon oxide particle. A Si-O atomic bond distance of the silicon oxide particle which is measured from a pair distribution function (PDF) obtained by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the silicon oxide particle is in a range from 3 Å to 3.3 Å.

An anode for a lithium secondary battery includes an anode current collector; and an anode mixture layer on at least one surface of the anode current collector, wherein the anode mixture layer includes a carbon-based active material, and wherein the anode mixture layer has a peak intensity ratio of 1.85 to 3.5 according to Equation 1 below, Peakintensityratio=I2H100/I3R101, wherein in Equation 1, I_2H(100) is a peak intensity value of the 2H(100) plane in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by an XRD analysis, and I_3R(101) is a peak intensity value of the 3R(101) plane in the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by the XRD analysis.

An immersion cooling apparatus (100) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a housing (110) configured to store a cooling fluid (10) therein; a plurality of electronic circuit boards (120) disposed inside the housing (110) to be immersed in the cooling fluid (10); and a heat exchange device (130) configured to perform heat exchange with the cooling fluid (10) having absorbed heat from the plurality of electronic circuit boards (120). At least one of the plurality of electronic circuit boards (120) includes a substrate (121); a plurality of electronic components (122) disposed on the substrate (121); and at least one coalescing unit (123) disposed between the plurality of electronic components (122), the at least one coalescing unit (123) being configured to coalesce at least one first vapor bubble (21) that is generated by heat of an electronic component (122) located at a lower position among the plurality of electronic components (122) and rises in an vertical direction of the housing (110).

The present disclosure relates to a battery immersion cooling apparatus and a battery immersion cooling method. A battery immersion cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a module case (100) accommodating a plurality of battery cells (10) and containing an immersion coolant configured to cool the plurality of battery cells (10) by immersion, and a cooling unit (200) disposed on one side of the module case (100) and configured to circulate a circulation coolant. The cooling unit (200) includes a circulation coolant inlet (210) and a circulation coolant outlet (220), and the circulation coolant circulates through a flow path of the cooling unit (200) and exchanges heat with the immersion coolant to indirectly cool the plurality of battery cells (10).

A battery immersion cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a case (100) accommodating an immersion fluid and accommodating a battery cell (10) or a battery module immersed in the immersion fluid, a cooling layer (200) disposed on at least one surface of the case (100) and a heat transfer protrusion (300) formed on one side of the cooling layer (200) and configured to exchange heat with the immersion fluid.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure includes a lithium-nickel metal oxide having secondary particles having a pseudo-single-crystal structure. The number of primary particles included in the secondary particle is 20 to 200. Among the primary particles, the number of primary particles having a major axis length of 0.8 µm or more is 20 to 80.

A conductive material dispersion according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a linear conductive material; an ionic cellulose polymer; and a nonionic cellulose polymer, wherein a weight ratio of the ionic cellulose polymer to the nonionic cellulose polymer is 60:1 to 4:1, and a weight average molecular weight of the ionic cellulose polymer may be greater than that of the nonionic cellulose polymer. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a conductive material dispersion, and a use of a dispersant defined by or composed of a combination of ionic cellulose polymer and non-ionic cellulose polymer for dispersing a linear conductive material in a solvent.

An electrodialysis system is proposed. The electrodialysis system includes an anode and a cathode, a plurality of alternating cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes disposed between the anode and the cathode, the alternating cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes forming a desalination chamber, a concentration chamber, and an electrode chamber within the system, and a mixed ion exchange resin disposed between the electrode chamber and the adjacent concentration chamber, and between the adjacent concentration chambers. The mixed ion exchange resin includes a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and is arranged to be sandwiched between one of each of the cation and anion exchange membranes.

Proposed is an additive composition for a thermal management fluid, the composition including a phosphorus-based additive and a silicon-based additive. Further proposed is a thermal management fluid composition including the additive composition.

Proposed is a phosphorus-based additive composition for a thermal management fluid, the composition including a first phosphorus-based additive and a second phosphorus-based additive, in which the second phosphorus-based additive has a greater molecular weight than the first phosphorus-based additive. Further proposed is a thermal management fluid composition including the additive composition.

A refrigerant processing apparatus (100) and a method of operating the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure include a storage tank (ST) configured to store a refrigerant mixture recovered from an air conditioning system, a mixing container (MC) configured to blend material refrigerants, material refrigerant tanks (MT) configured to supply single-component refrigerants to the mixing container (MC), and a processor (110). The processor (110) is configured to store the refrigerant mixture from the air conditioning system in the storage tank (ST), determine material refrigerants and a mixing ratio of an initial refrigerant mixture corresponding to the recovered refrigerant mixture in the storage tank (ST) before deterioration, provide single-component refrigerants corresponding to the material refrigerants from the material refrigerant tanks (MT) to the mixing container (MC) according to the material refrigerants and the mixing ratio of the initial refrigerant mixture, and inject the blended refrigerant mixture into the air conditioning system.

A refrigerant processing apparatus (100) and a method of operating the same are provided. The apparatus (100) recovers a refrigerant mixture from an air conditioning system and stores the refrigerant mixture in a storage tank (ST), provides the recovered refrigerant mixture in the storage tank (ST) to a mixing container (MC), determines a mixing ratio of the recovered refrigerant mixture provided to the mixing container (MC), provides at least one single-component refrigerant from a material refrigerant tank (MT) to the mixing container (MC) such that the mixing ratio of the recovered refrigerant mixture satisfies a preset mixing ratio, and injects the blended refrigerant mixture into the air conditioning system through a refrigerant pump (RP).

A refrigerant processing apparatus (100) includes a storage tank (ST) configured to store a refrigerant mixture recovered from an air conditioning system, a mixing container (MC), material refrigerant tanks (MT), and a processor (110). The processor (110) determines whether to reuse the recovered refrigerant mixture based on a component thereof and a mixing ratio of an initial refrigerant mixture before deterioration. The processor (110) selectively supplies the recovered refrigerant mixture to the mixing container (MC) based on the determination, supplies single-component refrigerants to the mixing container (MC) according to an amount calculated to satisfy the mixing ratio of the initial refrigerant mixture, and injects the generated blended refrigerant mixture into the air conditioning system.

A refrigeration oil composition according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a silane compound represented by Formula 1 below, wherein any one or two of R₁ to R₄ are each independently selected from C₁-C₅ alkoxy groups, and the remaining groups are each independently C₁-C₁₄ alkyl groups.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present disclosure includes lithium-metal oxide particles and a coating part formed on the lithium-metal oxide particles and including a metal-containing part and a sulfur-containing part. A metal area ratio of the cathode active material according to a specific equation may fall within a predetermined range. Accordingly, side reactions between the cathode active material and the electrolyte may be suppressed, and the stability and cycle life characteristics of the secondary battery may be improved.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure includes lithium metal oxide particles and a sulfur (S)-containing compound and a sodium (Na)-containing compound present on the surface or inside the lithium metal oxide particles. The surface portion of the lithium metal oxide particle has a concentration gradient of sulfur (S). The absolute value of the slope of the XPS signal of sulfur (S) in the surface portion is 20 cps/nm to 80 cps/nm.

Disclosed is an immersion cooling module and an immersion cooling method. The immersion cooling module includes a housing (10) configured to contain a cooling fluid at a predetermined level and to accommodate one or more battery cells (20) that are disposed to be at least partially immersed in the cooling fluid. The housing (10) has a first end inlet (11) and a second end inlet (12) at opposite sides, respectively. The module further includes: a connection pipe (30) separately coupled below the housing (10), extending from the first end inlet (11) to the second end inlet (12), a connection conduit (41, 42, 43, 44) formed on a lower surface of the housing (10) for each of cooling spaces (L1, L2, L3, L4), with the spaces (L1, L2, L3, L4) being divided by the battery cell(s), so that the cooling fluid is flowable between the spaces and the connection pipe (30); a heat exchanger (50) coupled to the connection pipe (30) and having a cooling fluid outlet formed therein, and a fluid pump (61, 62) coupled to the connection pipe (30) and configured to control a flow direction of the cooling fluid toward the first side and the second side of the heat exchanger (50).

An anode for a secondary battery includes an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer disposed on a surface of the anode collector and including an alcohol. In a 1H NMR analysis of the anode active material layer, a sum of a peak area of a first peak observed in a range of 4 ppm to 4.5 ppm and a peak area of a second peak observed in a range of 3.5 ppm to 4 ppm is greater than 0, and 0.15 or less. A peak area of a third peak observed in a range of 1.5 ppm to 2 ppm is greater than 0, and 0.15 or less. A peak area of a fourth peak observed in a range of 1 ppm to 1.5 ppm is greater than 0, and 0.8 or less.

A system, a use of said system, and a method for manufacturing and drying of one or more electrodes for a secondary battery are disclosed. The system (1) includes a coating portion (30) adapted to apply a coating material (6) to a coating substrate (5) travelling along a path; and a drying portion (40) adapted to dry the coating material (6), wherein the drying portion (40) includes at least one Coanda nozzle (71) that is adapted to spray hot air onto one surface of the coating substrate (5), and wherein the Coanda nozzle (71) includes at least one hot-air blocker (90) that is adapted to selectively block a spray port through which hot air is sprayable.

A cathode active material for a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a lithium metal oxide and has a C-axis lattice retention ratio (R<CL>) of 95% to 97%, as defined by Equation 1 below. R CL = C min / C max × 100 <img class="EMIRef" id="51ee46e0-3fd6-40b8-ad8e-5f161359beda-ia01" /> in Equation 1, R<CL> denotes the C-axis lattice retention ratio, and C<min> and C<max> respectively denote the minimum and maximum values of the C-axis lattice constant of the cathode active material, as observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis while the charge voltage is increased to a terminal voltage.

Proposed is an immersion cooling module including a housing (10) in which an inlet (11) for cooling fluid to flow in and an outlet (12) for cooling fluid to flow out are formed, and in which the cooling fluid is accommodated at a predetermined level so as to form an upper space, a cooling chamber (20) coupled to a lower end of the housing (10), and configured to have a chamber inlet (21) through which the cooling fluid flows in and a chamber outlet (22) through which the cooling fluid is discharged, battery cells spaced apart from each other and immersed in the cooling fluid, and cooling fluid passage parts respectively formed in cooling spaces divided by the battery cells, wherein heat transfer members are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the cooling fluid.

A copolymer for an anion exchange membrane including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1 below and an anion exchange membrane including the copolymer are provided.in Formula 1, M₁, M₂, L₁, L₂, x and y refer to the definitions as defined herein.

A catalyst for a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction, which includes a composite carrier containing uniformly dispersed alumina and zeolite and a metal uniformly supported on the composite carrier. Herein, the metal includes Co. The catalyst leads to improved product selectivity. In addition, a method of preparing said catalyst is described.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery are provided. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes a butyrolactone-based compound including at least one alkenyl group, and a lithium salt. The lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly including a cathode and an anode, and the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.

According to exemplary embodiments, the lithium secondary battery electrolyte includes a sulfonyl compound including a cyano group and a lithium salt. According to exemplary embodiments, the lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly including a cathode and an anode and the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery. Accordingly, a lithium secondary battery comprising the lithium secondary battery electrolyte has improved high-voltage characteristics and high-temperature stability.

A cathode (100) for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the cathode are provided. The cathode comprises a cathode current collector (105), and a cathode active material layer (110) comprising a cathode active material on at least one surface of the cathode current collector. A G value and measured at a surface of the cathode active material layer is less than 2.0.

A lithium secondary battery, and a method of operating a lithium secondary battery are provided. The lithium secondary battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material layer that includes a lithium-nickel metal oxide, and an anode opposing the cathode. A full width at half maximum ratio or a relative peak area ratio of the lithium secondary battery is 70% or more.

Proposed is an immersion cooling module including a housing configured to contain a cooling fluid, and a battery module submerged in the cooling fluid inside the housing, wherein the battery module includes a buffer member provided on stacked surfaces of battery cells and configured to have a buffer space into which an inflow of the cooling fluid is blocked or controllable by a rupture film.

The present disclosure provides a compound including an organic group in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a halogen atom, an ether group and a multi-aromatic ring, which is represented by Formula 1 below. <img class="EMIRef" id="16771474-7460-45eb-8d4b-d28ea7f945ed-ia01" /> In Formula 1, m and n are each independently an integer of 1 to 6, R<1> is each independently an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R<2> is each independently an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which includes at least one of an alkylene group and/or an arylene group, X is each independently a halogen atom, and Ars is a multi-aromatic ring having 10 to 50 carbon atoms.

A solid electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise a sulfide compound represented by Formula 1 below and may include a PS₄^3-unit and a BS₃^3- unit. Accordingly, the ionic conductivity of a lithium secondary including the solid electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery can be improved. [Formula 1] Li_6-aB_bP_1-bS_5-bX_1-a(in Formula 1, a and b may satisfy 0≤a<1, and 0<b<1, and X may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I).

Proposed is a cooling fin including a cooling plate in which a cooling path is formed, and a support plate connected to each of upper and lower ends of the cooling plate, wherein the cooling plate comprises at least one cooling path configured to allow a cooling fluid to flow inside the cooling plate.

Disclosed are an immersion cooling module and a cooling method. The immersion cooling module includes: a housing containing a cooling fluid at a predetermined level, at least one unit housing accommodated inside the housing so as to be impregnated with the cooling fluid, having a flow passage through which the cooling fluid flows in and out and an open top, and accommodating a battery module, and a condenser coupled to liquefy a gas formed by vaporization of the cooling fluid in the housing and reintroduce the liquefied gas into the housing in a liquid state, wherein opposite sides of the battery module may be spaced apart from respective facing inner sides of the unit housing by a predetermined distance to form a flow path for the cooling fluid, and a porous moisture absorption member attached to each of the opposite sides of the battery module may be further included.

A coated pellet according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a core including an (meth)acrylic resin, and an anti-blocking coating formed on a surface of the core and including an alkali metal salt. The content of the alkali metal salt is 3 ppm to 7,000 ppm based on the total weight of the core and the anti-blocking coating. According to a method for manufacturing coated pellets according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a coating solution including an alkali metal salt and a solvent is prepared. A core including an (meth)acrylic resin and the coating solution are mixed to produce a preliminary coated pellet. The preliminary coated pellet is dried to produce a coated pellet. The content of the alkali metal salt is 0.03 % by weight to 5 % by weight based on the total weight of the coating solution.

Provided is a separator including: a substrate; an inorganic particle layer formed on at least any one surface of the substrate; and an adhesive layer formed on the at least one inorganic particle layer, wherein when adhesive strength between a probe and a surface of the separator, which is measured at a stage temperature of x°C using the probe having a spring constant of 40 N/m, an average radius of 8 nm, and a scanning speed of 0.5 Hz, is Fx, F40 is 1 nN to 30 nN, and the separator satisfies the following Equation 1 : F 75 / F 40 ≥ 5 . <img class="EMIRef" id="cf839d88-15a9-4af8-b724-64b06c671b55-ia01" />

Proposed is a method for manufacturing aviation fuel, the method including the steps of preparing a feed, preparing an FT syncrude by subjecting the feed to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction, wherein the FT syncrude includes a first fraction and a kerosene fraction, the first fraction being a fraction with a boiling point range below that of kerosene, subjecting the first fraction to a reaction for increasing the boiling point, wherein the first fraction is converted to the second fraction, and the second fraction has a higher boiling point than the first fraction, and collecting aviation fuel from the kerosene fraction and the second fraction.

Method and an apparatus (100) for processing an operation of a virtual HVAC model (121) implemented as a digital twin, for performing temperature control of a cabin of a vehicle, wherein a refrigerant is included in the virtual HVAC model (121), and the refrigerant is configured to comprise at least one of a natural refrigerant, a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based refrigerant, a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-based refrigerant, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-based refrigerant, a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant that is not a natural refrigerant, and a halon or a perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based refrigerant.

Disclosed are a method for controlling heating of an HVAC system for an electric vehicle and an HVAC system thereof, the system comprising a refrigerant, a compressor (120) and a heater core (130), wherein the system is configured to circulate said refrigerant through the compressor (120) and the heater core (130) to perform heating control of the vehicle;wherein the refrigerant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a natural refrigerant; a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based refrigerant;a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-based refrigerant;a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-based refrigerant;a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant that is not a natural refrigerant; anda halon or a perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based refrigerant.

Provided is a composite separator including: a porous substrate; and a coating layer which is formed on at least one surface of the substrate and includes organic particles, wherein the coating layer satisfies the following Equation 1, and the composite separator may secure excellent heat resistance, adhesive strength, and fusion strength with an electrode even at a small thickness and prevent a blocking phenomenon: 4,000≤A×D2/T≤5,500 wherein A, D, and T are as defined in the specification.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. According to some embodiments, the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may include an additive including a compound having a specific structure, an organic solvent and a lithium salt. Accordingly, a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may exhibit improved cycle life characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics.

A silicon-carbon-containing electrode material according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a porous carbon structure including pores and a silicon-containing coating layer formed on the porous carbon structure, wherein the peak intensity ratio of the Raman spectrum, expressed as a percentage and as defined by a predetermined equation, is 3% to 18%. Accordingly, the cycle life and capacity characteristics of a lithium secondary battery may be improved.