Bryers Intellectual Property Ltd

In a (e.g., ethernet-based PTP) time-distribution system, time receivers unicast (rather than multicast) delay-request messages and time transmitters unicast (rather than multicast) corresponding delay-response messages. An intervening transparent clock maintains a mapping table containing entries that map appropriate (PTP) port IDs to corresponding media access control (MAC) addresses that enable the transparent clock to forward the unicast delay-response messages towards the appropriate time receivers. As such, the volume of messages and the burden on transparent clocks to handle superfluous messages in such systems are reduced.

Described herein is a first network node, of a network having a plurality of network nodes, wherein the first network node includes one or more sensing capabilities of an event type and/or a coverage area that the first network node is able to detect; wherein the first network node is a network digital twin, NDT, and wherein the first network node comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network node at least to: receive, from a second network node, a sensing intent, which is used to indicate to the first network node to detect an event within the coverage area and within a time window, wherein the event corresponds to the event type of which the first network node includes one or more sensing capabilities; perform, detection of an occurrence of an event indicated in the sensing intent, based on the sensing capabilities of the first network node; and send, to the second network node, a sensing report based on the detection.

Method, comprising receiving a connection request to connect a user to an application, wherein, if the user is connected to the application, a plurality of users are connected to the application; providing an orchestration request for an orchestration policy for the application and the plurality of users to an orchestration entity, wherein the orchestration request indicates that each user is or is to be connected to the application, the orchestration request comprises for each of the users a location of the respective user and a QoS requirement of the application; receiving the orchestration policy from the orchestration entity, wherein the orchestration policy indicates one or more deployment locations to deploy the application such that the QoS requirement is sufficiently fulfilled; deploying the application at one of the deployment locations; informing the user or an application function of a network serving the user how to access the application.

In a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) clock-distribution system, each transparent clock (TC) along a link between a time transmitter (TT) and a time receiver (TR) is able to increment a stepsRemoved field of a PTP message that traverses the TC, such that, at the receiving node of the PTP message (e.g., the TR for certain sync, follow-up, and delay-response messages and the TT for certain delay-request messages), the stepsRemoved field indicates the number of transparent clocks (TC) along the link between the TT and the TR. The information may be used to prioritize certain links over others.

Described herein is a client device, configured to provide a user service and to establish communication with a server device for providing a Digital Twin Machine Learning, ML, Model training service for said client device, comprising: at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the client device at least to: receive, from the server device, a plurality of models for providing estimation for at least one parameter associated with the user service; apply, for each of the received plurality of models, data at the client device associated with the user service to a model evaluation function, and determine, for the each model, a corresponding model evaluation value for indicating performance of the each model in providing estimation for said at least one parameter associated with the user service; obtain, from the server device, an indicator for indicating a model selected by the server device for the client device among the received plurality of models based on all of the determined model evaluation values for the received plurality of models; train and/or update the selected model based on said data at the client device associated with the user service; and send, to the server device, information relating to the trained and/or updated selected model for the server device to further update the selected model.

Various example embodiments of a cellular - wireless local area network (WLAN) radio access network (RAN) convergence (CWRC) capability are presented. The CWRC capability may be configured to support architectural and procedural solutions for enabling Layer 2 (L2) convergence between cellular and WLAN access within the RAN.

Apparatus and method of anomaly classification. In an embodiment, the apparatus performs binary classification of data samples in a dataset to classify the data samples into a normal group or an anomalous group, performs multiclass classification to classify the data samples of the anomalous group into anomaly classes, and identifying a set of the data samples in the anomalous group as false positives resulting from the binary classification when the multiclass classification fails to classify the data samples of the first set into one of the anomaly classes.

Apparatus and method of implementing a registry smart contract on a permissioned distributed ledger (PDL). In an embodiment, an apparatus operates the PDL on a distributed network of peer nodes, and executes a registry smart contract deployed on the PDL, in response to receiving a register request regarding a registering peer node, to identify node information comprising at least endpoint information of the registering peer node, generate a transaction proposal to record the node information of the registering peer node on the PDL, provide the transaction proposal to a group of the peer nodes for approval, and record the node information of the registering peer node as a transaction on the PDL when approval is granted.

Described herein is a method, a network node a computer readable medium for providing human interpretable semantic information of one or more network states generated during execution of a network component of a target communication network or a network digital twin, NDT, of a corresponding target communication network. The method is capable of generating a trained network state information model which is configured to identify and anticipate human interpretable semantic information of the one or more network states comprehensible for network experts so that no additional means are required to identify potential errors or conditions within a present network systems, wherein said method comprises at least the steps of: receiving a set of data elements and information identifying pre-defined test cases under which a SWNC is executed in a second target communication network; training, on the basis of the received set of data elements and information, a network state information model to determine human interpretable semantic information of at least one network state of the SWNC identified during execution in the first target communication network based on the identified network states; applying at least one network model including the trained network state information model to the first target communication network to generate at least one human interpretable semantic information of one or more network states of the SWNC determined during execution in the first target communication network; and reporting, by the trained network state information model, the at least one human interpretable semantic information associated with the one or more network states.

A method of a networking device is disclosed comprising: (a) establishing a Media Access Control security (MACsec) key agreement (MKA) session with another networking device; (b) generating a pre-shared key (PSK); (c) distributing the PSK generated in step (b) to the other networking device; and, optionally, (d) establishing a new MKA session using the PSK generated in step (b) to secure the new MKA session.