Nokia Solutions and Networks

In a label-switching network, such as an MPLS network, the label-switch packets have an extended special purpose label (ESPL) to encode one or more quality of service (QoS) attributes, such as indications of congestion level, discard eligibility, and/or Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value. In some embodiments, the ESPL label is an extended QoS label having a two-bit indication of congestion level, a two-bit indication of discard eligibility, and a six-bit DSCP value. By including a DSCP value of more than three bits in the ESPL label, the MPLS network can provide a greater variety of per-hop behaviors (PHBs) when routing MPLS packets than conventional MPLS networks, which are limited to no more than eight PHBs.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for use by an OLT (210) connected to a plurality of ONUs (231, 232, 233, 234) via an ODN comprising at least one adjustable power splitter with a variable power split ratio, the apparatus (201) comprising means for: configuring a power split ratio of a subset of the adjustable power splitter(s) (221, 222) related to a first optical path, thereby each adjustable power splitter in the subset distributes substantially more optical power to a dominant branch than to other branch(es); initiating an optical sensing measurement on the first optical path comprising the dominant branch(es) of the respective adjustable power splitter(s) in the subset.

The present subject matter relates to a method comprising: obtaining one or more baseline records of a target container component of a distributed container system, wherein each baseline record describes an execution behavior of the target container component, wherein the one or more baseline records are stored in a shared record system of the distributed container system; and obtaining an analysis record associated with the one or more baseline records for enabling interaction with the target container component, wherein the analysis record indicates a trustworthiness of the target container component, wherein the analysis record is stored in the shared record system.

A system for detecting events in an optical network is configured to detect coincident drops in quality of transmission (QoT) on a plurality of wavelength channels received at one or more nodes of the optical network. The system is further configured to determine a QoT drop function based on the detected coincident drops in QoT. The QoT drop function indicates a change in a QoT metric corresponding to a respective drop in QoT as a function of optical frequency. The system is further configured to detect a signature of a network event in the QoT drop function.

The present invention discloses an apparatus An apparatus (200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) for use by an optical receiver, comprising means for: splitting a received optical signal (E_Rx) onto two polarizations, thereby obtaining optical signals (E_Rx,x, E_Rx,y) on respective polarizations (x, y), obtaining electrical signals (i_x, i_y) indicating an intensity of the optical signals on respective polarizations (x, y); obtaining a differential signal (V_Rx,cm, i_x,avg-i_y,avg, i_b) related to a difference (i_x-i_y) between the electrical signals (i_x, i_y); determining at least part of a state-of-polarization, SOP, of the received optical signal (E_Rx) based on the differential signal (V_Rx,cm, i_x,avg-i_y,avg, i_b); obtaining a sum signal (V_Rx,diff) related to an addition (i_x+i_y) of the electrical signals (i_x, i_y); providing the sum signal (V_Rx,diff) for further processing to obtain data embedded in the received optical signal, based on an intensity of the received optical signal (E_Rx).

The example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device, method, apparatus and computer-readable storage medium for communication. A method for communication comprises: generating unavailability information by a first device, wherein the unavailability information comprises at least an indication that the first device is unavailable for communication on a predetermined frequency band during a predetermined time period, an identifier of the first device, and a reason associated with the unavailability information; and sending the unavailability information to a second device in a predetermined frame structure.

In a (e.g., ethernet-based PTP) time-distribution system, time receivers unicast (rather than multicast) delay-request messages and time transmitters unicast (rather than multicast) corresponding delay-response messages. An intervening transparent clock maintains a mapping table containing entries that map appropriate (PTP) port IDs to corresponding media access control (MAC) addresses that enable the transparent clock to forward the unicast delay-response messages towards the appropriate time receivers. As such, the volume of messages and the burden on transparent clocks to handle superfluous messages in such systems are reduced.

A method, an apparatus (104) and a data structure for replicating a packet for packet switching, wherein the apparatus (104) comprises a means for providing a list (202-1) comprising egress interfaces, a means for receiving the packet, a means for receiving information indicative of a subset of egress interfaces from the list (202-1), and a means for, according to the received information, replicating the packet for the egress interfaces in the subset.

In a (e.g., ethernet-based PTP) time-distribution system, time receivers unicast (rather than multicast) delay-request messages and time transmitters unicast (rather than multicast) corresponding delay-response messages . An intervening transparent clock using a two-step delay request mode forwards unicast delay-request messages without modification, enabling the time transmitter to learn the media access control (MAC) address of the time receiver from the SMAC address in a delay-request message and use that MAC address as the DMAC address in the corresponding unicast delay-response message that enables the transparent clock to forward the unicast delay-response message towards the appropriate time receiver. As such, the volume of messages and the burden on transparent clocks to handle superfluous messages in such systems are reduced.

Described herein is a device for obtaining features relating to a higher-level entity and a plurality of lower-level entities included in the higher-level entity, wherein the lower-level entities are configured to communicate with each other to together provide a higher-level function performed by the higher-level entity, the device comprising: an input module configured to receive, from the plurality of lower-level entities, lower-level extracted features relating to the plurality of lower-level entities; and a feature extraction module configured to obtain higher-level extracted features relating to the higher-level entity and the plurality of lower-level entities based on the received lower-level extracted features, wherein the higher-level extracted features comprise: for each lower-level entity: at least one higher-level extracted feature for the each lower-level entity, representing a state of the each lower-level entity when communicating with the remaining lower-level entities, and at least one higher-level extracted feature for a relation between the each lower-level entity and the remaining lower-level entities, representing a state of the communication between the lower-level entities; for all lower-level entities: at least one higher-level extracted feature for a relation between the higher-level entity and all lower-level entities, representing a state of all lower-level entities when communicating with each other to together provide said function performed by the higher-level entity, wherein the device further comprises an output module configured to output the obtained higher-level extracted features.