Analog Devices Patente

The present disclosure provides a magnetic multi-turn sensor having a length of magnetoresistive film, wherein the magnetoresistive film comprises a free layer of ferromagnetic material. The free-layer of ferromagnetic material has at least one region of increased thickness, relative to a thickness of the free-layer along the rest of the length of magnetoresistive film. In particular, the free layer is provided with an increased thickness in regions where an increased operating window is required. For example, in closed loop sensors, the points in which two section of magnetoresistive film cross (e.g., to close the loop) may require a higher magnetic operating window to prevent domain wall nucleation in that region.

The present disclosure relates to interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that can provide an analog finite impulse response anti-alias filter. The analog finite impulse response anti-alias filter can have an impulse response duration that is longer than an interleaving time conversion window of an individual interleaved ADC of the interleaved ADC.

Magnetic sensors with magnetic field immunity are disclosed. In one aspect, a magnetic sensor includes an array of magnetic sensor cells. Each of the magnetic sensor cells includes a magnetic field source, and a plurality of magnetoresistive (MR) sensors arranged in a bridge circuit. The bridge circuit is configured to output a signal indicative of a force applied to the magnetic sensor based on movement of the magnetic field source relative to the MR sensors. The MR sensors are arranged such that the signal output by the bridge circuit is substantially unaffected by an external magnetic field.

Techniques are described to control the quantizer clock edge to adjust a delay of the feedforward path, which includes the quantizer and the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), to sustain matching over varying clock frequencies as well as over process, voltage, and temperature (PVT). A digitally controlled phase/time delay generating block may be used to control the quantizer clock edge, in an open loop or within a feedback loop, to provide the required time delay or advancement. Calibrations may be performed in the foreground and/or background. Using various techniques, the delay element design may focus on accurate wideband matching without focusing on tunability over varying clock frequencies.

The present disclosure provides a magnetic arrangement for use with a magnetic sensing device comprising an angle sensor and multi-turn sensor, the magnetic sensing device being arranged in off-shaft position. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a diametrically magnetized magnet in which the amount of magnetic material in the region of the magnetic poles is reduced relative to the regions between the magnet poles to thereby provide a more homogenous magnetic flux density. In doing so, this enables the magnet and the sensing device to be arranged more compactly. The present disclosure also provides a method of magnetising the magnetic arrangements described herein for improving the accuracy of the angle sensing measurements when the sensing device is placed in an off-shaft position, wherein the magnet is magnetised in a specific direction by applying a current to two sets of electrical conductors positioned on opposite sides of the magnet.

Apparatus and methods for compact transmission lines are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a transmission line includes a pair of coupled lines including a first conductive line that is electromagnetically coupled to a second conductive line. A first port is electrically connected to a first end of the first conductive line, while a second end of the first conductive line is electrically connected to a first end of the second conductive line. Additionally, a second port is electrically connected to a second end of the second conductive line such that the transmission line is provided between the first port and the second port.

A power disconnect switch may include a first terminal configured to couple to a boost converter output and a second terminal configured to couple to a load. A comparator may include a first input terminal configured to couple to a source input, a second input terminal configured to couple to the boost converter output, and a first output terminal configured to output a signal indicating a condition of the boost converter output being less than or equal to the source input. A control circuit may include an input terminal coupled to the first output terminal of the comparator and a second output terminal coupled to the power disconnect switch. The control circuit may be configured to open the power disconnect switch in response to receiving the signal indicating the condition.

First node signal-separation circuitry obtains first node electrical transmit signal (TX1) from a full-duplex electrical communication signal. First node transmit components convert TX1 to a first node optical transmit signal (OTX1) and send OTX1 over an optical link. Second node receive components receive OTX1 and convert it to a first node electrical transmit signal (TX1) at the second node. Second node signal-separation circuitry obtains a second node electrical transmit signal (TX2) from a full-duplex electrical communication signal of the second node. Second node transmit components convert TX2 to a second node optical transmit signal (OTX2) and send OTX2 over the optical link. First node receive components receive OTX2 from the optical link and convert it to TX2 at the first node. At each node the full-duplex electrical signal comprises a superposition of a locally transmitted electrical transmit signal and a counterpart electrical transmit signal received from the optical link.

Described herein are isolator devices designed to reduce cracking and mechanical stress despite the use of wire bonds made of hard materials (e.g., copper-based). The isolators employ thin film dielectric materials with high dielectric strength and permittivity underneath the top coil (electrode) to enhance the isolation of the device. However, these materials are susceptible to cracking. Described herein are designs in which the dielectric material is partially removed from the isolator. A dielectric layer may be kept in the region(s) where its large dielectric permittivity is particularly beneficial (e.g., near the edge of a coil) but may be removed from the region immediately underneath the bonding pad, where a large amount of pressure is applied during the bonding process. Optionally, a cushion layer is employed to absorb some of the energy produced during the bonding process.

A method and circuit arrangement for a solid state switch device is disclosed. In certain embodiment, a solid state switch device comprising a controllable switch comprising a control terminal, a first channel terminal, and a second channel terminal, and arranged to be switched between an off-state and an on-state, wherein in the on-state the switch allows a current to flow between the first channel terminal and the second channel terminal. The solid state switch device further comprising: a first compensation circuit configured to: generate a first boost current based on a voltage difference between the first channel terminal and the second channel terminal; and apply the first boost current to the control terminal to charge a switch capacitance of the controllable switch.

The present disclosure relates to a DC-DC power converter and method of operation. The converter comprises a first converter circuit for controlling a first output current and a second converter circuit for controlling a second output current. The first converter comprises a first plurality of switches coupled to a first terminal of the DC-DC power converter and a first inductive impedance coupled to the first plurality of switches and a second terminal of the DC-DC power converter. The second converter circuit comprises a second plurality of switches coupled to the first terminal of the DC-DC power converter and a second inductive impedance coupled to the second plurality of switches the second terminal of the DC-DC power converter. The DC-DC power converter also comprises first and second capacitors, each cross-coupled between the first converter circuit and the second converter circuit.

A method and circuit arrangement for voltage protection is disclosed. In certain embodiments, a controllable switch comprises a control terminal, a first channel terminal, and a second channel terminal, and arranged to be switched between an off-state and an on-state. In the on-state the controllable switch allows a current to flow between the first channel terminal and the second channel terminal. An overvoltage protection circuit is configured to determine a voltage difference between a first voltage of the first channel terminal and a second voltage of the second channel terminal. The overvoltage protection circuit also sets a control signal to a protection value to operate the controllable switch in the off-state in response to determining that the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a switch threshold.

A method of manufacturing a vertical inductor, the method comprising: forming a substrate, forming a bottom electrode, forming a dielectric layer, forming a magnetic core, forming insulation layer, forming a conductive loop structure by extending vertical interconnects through the insulation layer from a first side of the magnetic core to a second side of the magnetic core, electrically connecting the vertical interconnects to the bottom electrode on the second side of the magnetic core.

Aspects of the present disclosure include a detection system, a method, and/or a base node for providing the electrical energy to a plurality of edge nodes, transmitting a sensor interrogation signal to at least one of the plurality of edge nodes in the detection system, receiving, in response to the sensor interrogation signal, sensor information, send the sensor information to a predictor configured to: receive sensor training data, train an artificial intelligence engine using the sensor training data, identify an anomaly and an action associated with the anomaly based on providing the sensor information to the artificial intelligence engine, and provide the action, and performing the action provided by the predictor.

Power modules with enhanced thermal conductivity are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a power module includes a circuit board, an inductor component attached to a first or top side of the circuit board, and a semiconductor die attached to a second or bottom side of the circuit board opposite the first side. The power module further includes a thermally conductive wrap at least partially around a dielectric body of the inductor component. The thermally conductive wrap serves to transfer heat from the semiconductor die to a cold plate or heat sink that can be attached to the inductor component opposite the circuit board.

An inductive circuit includes a coupled inductor including a magnetic core including a first core rail, a second core rail, and multiple identical core legs between the first core rail and the second core rail, wherein the core legs include an identical gap; multiple identical inductive phase stages, wherein each inductive phase stage includes a core leg and an identical phase winding around the core leg, wherein each phase winding includes a first terminal connected to the input node and a second terminal connected to the output node; and an inductive linking stage identical to the multiple inductive phase stages, wherein a first terminal of a phase winding of the inductive linking stage is connected to the input node and a second terminal of the phase winding of the linking stage is connected to the linking inductance node.

Surface temperatures for battery cells in a battery pack can be inferred or estimated using internal or core temperatures of the battery cell and a thermal model. The internal temperature may be generated using electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). Delta values from the EIS estimations to the cell surface temperature may be generated based on a thermal model of the battery. The thermal model of the battery may be created using probe points on the surface of a test battery, such as thermocouples.

Apparatus and methods for nonlinearity cancellation in electronic systems are disclosed. In certain embodiments, an electronic system includes two or more circuit channels that process a common input signal in parallel and that each include at least one instantiation of a circuit that behaves nonlinearly. Thus, the nonlinear circuit is replicated and included at least once in each circuit channel. Each of the circuit channels has an input scaling factor and an output scaling factor that can vary from one circuit channel to another. The output signals from the circuit channels after scaling are combined to generate a combined output signal. The input and output scaling factors are selected to cancel or reduce nonlinearities.

Described herein are software programmable isolated devices. The isolated device may be programmable in that some of the characteristics of the isolated device may be set based upon input provided by a user. The isolated device may allow the user to program the activation or deactivation of each channel independently of the activation and deactivation of the other channels. Additionally, or alternatively, the isolated device may allow the user to program the direction of transmission of each channel independently of the direction of transmission of the other channels. Additionally, or alternatively, the isolated device may allow a user to program the data rate at which each channel communicates independently of the data rates of the other channels. Additionally, or alternatively, the isolated device may allow a user to program the delay associated with each channel independently of the delays associated with the other channels.

There is provided methods and systems for balancing junction temperatures between at least two power switches of a multilevel converter. A junction temperature of each of the at least two power switches is received. A difference in junction temperature between the at least two power switches is determined. A ratio of operating time for which the multilevel converter operates using a first pulse width modulation, PWM, mode of a plurality of PWM modes is defined based on closed loop control in order to reduce the difference in junction temperature of the at least two power switches. Finally, a control signal is generated to operate the multilevel converter using the first PWM mode for the ratio of operating time.

Various techniques are described to control the rate of change of current (di/dt) and the rate of change of voltage (dV/dt) for power electronic switches with conventional gate drivers and a few additional components. By implementing these techniques, designers may achieve better control over the switching behavior, reduce losses, and improve the overall reliability and efficiency of their circuits. This is particularly important in applications such as power inverters, where high performance and reliability are important.

A full-wave active rectifier system, comprising: a full-wave active rectifier for generating a DC voltage output signal based on an AC voltage input signal. The full-wave active rectifier comprising first and second transistors which are controllable by a controller, and, third and fourth transistors which are controlled by the AC voltage input signal. The full-wave active rectifier system comprising: the controller coupled to the first transistor. The full-wave active rectifier system is configured to: when the first transistor is in an off-state, monitor a first voltage at a node shared by the AC voltage input signal and a first terminal of the first transistor; and sense a voltage transient in the first voltage caused by switching the first transistor between an on-state and the off-state. The controller is configured to: control, in response to sensing the voltage transient, a phase-angle at which the first transistor switches between the on-state and the off-state.

A measurement circuit including a power supply, a load output terminal connected to the power supply and connected to a system ground via a load, an amplifier comprising power terminals connected to the power supply, and an output terminal connected to the system ground via a measurement resistor, the amplifier is configured to supply current from the power supply to the load via the measurement resistor and the system ground producing a voltage across the measurement resistor that corresponds to the supply current through the load.

A current sensor system is provided where the self-resonant frequency of a current measurement coil, such as a Rogowski coil, may be modified. The current sensor system comprises a current measurement coil and a resonant frequency modification circuit. The resonant frequency modification circuit is configured to modify a resonant frequency of the current sensor system such that a combined resonant frequency of the current measurement coil and the resonant frequency modification circuit is different from a self-resonant frequency of the current measurement coil.

The present disclosure relates to capacitive sensing, for example for the purpose of non-contact voltage measurement. In the disclosure, an impedance that is dependent on the impedance of a capacitive sensing element is determinable by applying a known reference signal to a circuit comprising the capacitive sensing signal and measuring a resultant voltage. The resultant signal passes through a measurement circuit, such as one comprising a buffer and ADC, before being measured. The power supply of at least part of the measurement circuit is controlled in a predetermined way, for example based on the known reference signal.

A utility meter is provided. The utility meter comprises a metrology processor and an application processor. The metrology processor is configured to receive input current and voltage measurements from one or more sensors. The application processor is configured to receive the energy consumption data from the metrology processor and output the energy consumption data. Primary and secondary communication links are provided between the metrology processor and the application processor and configured to transmit the energy consumption data from the metrology processor to the application processor.

The present disclosure relates to a current measurement system and method that uses a rate of change of current sensor, such as a Rogowski Coil. The system comprises a rate of change of current sensor and a coupled measurement circuit. A temperature response of at least part of the signal processing circuitry is set so as to reduce or eliminate changes in the signal gain of the system caused by temperature changes.

Fault monitoring systems and methods presented herein perform steps comprising, in response to a host device receiving a valid command, if no fault condition is present in a circuit, communicating an acknowledgement response to the host device. Whether a fault condition is present in the circuit may be determined by a monitoring circuit. If a fault condition is found, an error acknowledgement response that is different from the acknowledgement response may be communicated to the host. Contrariwise, if an invalid command is received from the host, no acknowledgement response and no error acknowledgement response are communicated to reduce unnecessary communication.

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Systems, devices, and methods related to antenna elements with perforations and augmentations are provided. An example patch antenna structure includes a first conductive patch on a first layer of the structure, where the first conductive patch includes one or more perforations at a periphery of a first side of the first conductive patch, and one or more extended conductive portions at a second side of the first conductive patch, the second side opposite the first side; a ground plane on a ground layer of the structure, the ground layer spaced apart from the first layer; and a first signal feed to couple a signal to the first conductive patch. In an example, an individual extended conductive portion of the one or more extended conductive portions may compensate a radiation pattern associated with a corresponding one of the one or more perforations.

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