Cisco Technology Patente

An optical module that includes two or more optical connection ports for transmitting optical signals to and from the optical module. The optical module receives a first optical signal through a first optical connection port and transmits a second optical signal through a second optical connection port. The second optical signal is generated based on a modulator in the optical module receiving an electrical signal from a DSP in the optical module.

An optical media converter configured to convert an optical signal with a first modulation scheme to a second optical signal with a second modulation scheme. The optical media converter receives the optical signal and converts the optical signals into electrical signals corresponding to the optical signal with the first modulation scheme. A DSP in the optical media converter modifies the electrical signals to correspond with an optical signal with the second modulation scheme. The optical media converter generates the second optical signal with the second modulation scheme based on the modified electrical signals and transmits the second optical signal out of the optical media converter.

The present disclosure describes an optical array for protecting optical systems. An optical device includes a first optical source, a second optical source, a third optical source, a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch. When the first optical source fails to produce a first optical signal, the third switch directs a second optical signal produced by the third optical source to the first switch and the first switch outputs the second optical signal. When the second optical source fails to produce a third optical signal, the third switch directs the second optical signal produced by the third optical source to the second switch and the second switch outputs the second optical signal.

In one aspect, a method for routing traffic using a multi-tenanted service hub includes: receiving, by the multi-tenanted service hub of a network, a first communication from a first tenant of a shared edge device, where metadata associated with the first communication includes a first source VPN and a service label, determining, by the multi-tenanted service hub, a first tenant ID based on metadata associated with a first tunnel from the shared edge device to the multi-tenanted service hub, querying, by the multi-tenanted service hub, a mapping table using the first source VPN and the first tenant ID to retrieve a device VPN, where the device VPN is a multi-tenanted VPN of the network, and forwarding, by the multi-tenanted service hub, the first communication using the device VPN, where the device VPN corresponds to a service label maps to a service chain.

A tunable laser comprising at least two gain chips configured to generate light and a wavelength selection circuit. The wavelength selection circuit comprising a first waveguide coupled to a first gain chip of the at least two gain chips, a second waveguide coupled to a second gain chip of the at least two gain chips, a first wavelength selective photonic ring resonator optically coupled to the first waveguide, a second wavelength selective photonic ring resonator optically coupled to second waveguide, a third waveguide optically coupled to the first wavelength selective photonic ring resonator and the second wavelength selective photonic ring resonator; and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to apply a first current to the first gain chip to bias the first gain chip, tune the first wavelength selective photonic ring resonator to a target wavelength, and tune the second wavelength selective ring resonator off-resonance.

In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, an integrated circuit attached to the first surface of the substrate, and a cold plate attached to the second surface of the substrate with an electrical path extending through the cold plate for transmitting power from a power component connected to the cold plate, to the integrated circuit.

In part, in one embodiment the disclosure relates to a laser that includes a laser cavity; an optical gain chip that includes a gain material, the gain material having a gain region, the optical gain chip includes a first waveguide, the first waveguide defines a first section of the laser cavity; an external laser cavity includes a second waveguide, the second waveguide is optically coupled to the first waveguide, the second waveguide defines a second section of the laser cavity; and a DBR ring optically coupled to the second waveguide, the DBR ring includes a loop waveguide optically coupled to the second waveguide and one or more DBR disposed along one or more sections of the loop waveguide, the laser cavity includes the first section of the laser cavity and the external laser cavity; and a PIC that includes the second waveguide and the DBR ring.

An advanced optical device featuring a substrate with a receiver photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is disclosed. The PIC is mechanically coupled to the substrate, while the TIA is mounted to the substrate and electrically connected to the PIC. One configuration includes a receiver die flip-chip bonded to a TIA die using copper pillar bumps, optimizing space with the PIC having a smaller footprint than the TIA. A fiber array is precisely aligned and attached to the PIC using epoxy bonding, aided by alignment marks indicating spot-size converters (SSCs). The PIC incudes multiple photodetectors and waveguides, enhancing light guidance and conversion. The manufacturing process involves a chip-on-wafer technique, forming a dam for epoxy application, and precise alignment of fiducials to the fiber array. The method also includes molding, forming through-mold vias, and redistributing electrical connections, ensuring efficient signal processing and integration without wire bonding.

In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an electro-optical device that includes an optical gain chip that includes; a gain material, the gain material having a gain region, the optical gain chip that includes: N gain chip waveguides; a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a plurality of layers and a plurality of components, wherein the PIC defines M sections; N external laser cavities; P PIC waveguides; and B distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) rings, wherein each of the N external laser cavities is defined by one of the P PIC waveguides and one of the B DBR rings; and N laser cavities, wherein each laser cavity of the N laser cavities comprises one of the N external laser cavities and one of the N gain chip waveguides.

A seamless mobility domain (SMD) is described where a PTK for a wireless device is pre-computed or pre-generated before the client roams from a serving AP to a target AP in the SMD. The pre-computed PTK can be distributed (i.e., pushed) to one or more target APs before the wireless device roams, or the PTK can be stored in a key stored and then retrieved from the key store by a target AP once the wireless device roams to the target AP. In another embodiment, the PMK and/or PTK keys are generated using a SMD identifier, such as a SMD MAC address or a special ID for the SMD.

Devices and methods for managing congestion notifications for Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable throughput (L4S) data flows are provided. A device receives a downstream data flow including multiple downstream data packets and identifies one or more downstream L4S data packets therefrom. The device stores the downstream L4S data packet(s) in a queue and detects a congestion in downstream based on the queue. The device transmits, at a lower protocol layer, an indication of the congestion to a wireless device that is a destination of the downstream L4S data packet(s). The wireless device marks at least one downstream L4S data packet with a congestion indicator based on the indication of the congestion. Such congestion indication provides a fast congestion notification associated with the L4S data flows to facilitate a fast response to the congestion and a reduction of congestion-related packet drops at the device.

In one embodiment, a method comprises identifying at a first powered device in communication with power sourcing equipment, a second powered device in communication with the first powered device, wherein the first powered device is receiving high voltage pulse power from the power sourcing equipment, notifying the power sourcing equipment of the second powered device at the first powered device, and performing a low voltage power initialization at the first powered device with the second powered device before passing the high voltage pulse power to the second powered device. The first powered device comprises a local isolation switch for a first low voltage pulse power initialization with the power sourcing equipment at start-up of the first powered device and for receiving the high voltage pulse power from the power sourcing equipment and an output isolation switch for said low voltage power initialization with the second powered device and for passing the high voltage pulse power to the second powered device.

Systems and methods provide for synergistic domain name (DNS) security updates. A method comprises querying a local domain name system, DNS, blacklist/whitelist regarding a domain. Pushing, in response to a first answer that the domain is not on the local DNS blacklist/whitelist, a query regarding the domain to an advanced DNS security at an associated cloud security system. Querying, in response to a second answer that the domain is cleared at the advanced DNS security, a locally-implemented advanced securities policy on the edge network device. Detecting a threat or clearance regarding an associated domain via the locally implemented advanced securities policy. Finally, an upstream update is sent from the edge network device.

Devices and methods are provided for exchanging route type capabilities between peer network devices, for example, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) speakers, to prevent a BGP session reset when a particular route type is not supported by one of the peer network devices. A network device, that supports a set of route types, receives an announcing message indicating a route type capability of a peer network device. The network device selects a subset of route types supported by the peer network device from the set of route types based on the route type capability of the peer network device. The network device transmits an update message that advertises the subset of route types to the peer network device. Thus, a route type supported by the network device is not included in the update message if the route type is not advertised in the announcing message by the peer network device.

Disclosed is a method for load balancing at the source side rather than the destination side of a network. Destination networks can communicate with source load balancers by transmitting network protocol advertisements such as border gateway protocol (BGP) advertisements. The advertisements can communicate prefixes representing available subnets for load balancing purposes. The source load balancer would then load balance and transmit the network traffic along a path made up at least in part by the prefixes advertised by the network.

Techniques for protection switching mechanisms that use detection of power in baseband signals resulting from optical mixing of an optical signal (at a frequency of a particular channel to be protected) with the received WDM spectra to determine whether there is a failure on the particular channel, indicated by an average power at a resulting baseband signal from the optical mixing being less than a threshold.

Systems and methods are disclosed for audio enhancement. For example, methods may include accessing audio data; determining a window of audio samples based on the audio data; inputting the window of audio samples to a classifier to obtain a classification, in which the classifier includes a neural network and the classification takes a value from a set of multiple classes of audio; selecting, based on the classification, an audio enhancement network from a set of multiple audio enhancement networks; applying the selected audio enhancement network to the window of audio samples to obtain an enhanced audio segment, in which the selected audio enhancement network includes a neural network that has been trained using audio signals of a type associated with the classification; and storing, playing, or transmitting an enhanced audio signal based on the enhanced audio segment.

The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and computer-readable media for implementing security polices at software call stack level. In one example, a method includes generating a call stack classification scheme for an application, detecting a call stack during deployment of the application; using the call stack classification scheme during runtime of the application, classifying the detected call stack as one of an authorized call stack or an unauthorized call stack to yield a classification; and applying a security policy based on the classification.

A method, computer system, and computer program product are provided for a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) message monitoring system. At a route collector, border gateway protocol (BGP) data is obtained from a plurality of peers by a plurality of routers, wherein the BGP data indicates a plurality of routes in a network associated with application network traffic, and wherein the route collector obtains the BGP data via a first BGP session and the BGP data is labeled with respect to a source of each route. The BGP data is provided from the route collector to a BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP)-enabled BGP router via a second BGP session, wherein the BGP data is aggregated in a database that is configured to provide a state of one or more requested routes to a requesting entity.

Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for transmitting data in a packet network. In various embodiments, a method includes: determining, by a first node, automatic protection switching (APS) information associated with the first node; initiating, by the first node, a timer based on the APS information; communicating, by the first node to a second node over the packet network, a first message including the APS information; receiving, by the first node, a second message from the second node, the second message including APS information associated with the second node, the APS information associated with the second node including a priority associated with an APS state of the second node; and selectively synchronizing, by the first node, an APS state of the first node with the APS state of the second node based on the timer and the APS information of the second message.

Embodiments provide for a tunable driving circuit by monitoring a frequency of a ring oscillator of an electrical integrated circuit connected to an optical modulator to determine operational characteristics of the electrical integrated circuit; setting, based on the operational characteristics, a driving voltage for a plurality of tunable inverters and a plurality of fixed gain inverters that control the optical modulator, wherein each tunable inverter of the plurality of tunable inverters is connected in parallel with a corresponding fixed gain inverter of the plurality of fixed gain inverters on one of a first arm and a second arm connected to the optical modulator; and setting an amplification strength for the plurality of tunable inverters based on the operational characteristics.

Techniques for the transparent rolling of nodes in a cloud-delivered headend service without disrupting client traffic or making users aware of the various nodes in the system being rolled are described herein. The techniques may include receiving an indication that a first node of a network is to be rolled. Based at least in part on the indication, new connection requests may not be sent to the first intermediate node. Additionally, a client device having an existing connection through the first node may be identified. In some examples, a request may be sent to the client device to prompt the client device to establish a new connection. After determining that the new connection has been established such that the new connection flows through a second node of the network, the first node may be rolled.

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