Harvard University

The invention concerns a method for identifying cognate pairs of a ligand species and a receptor species, comprising co-compartmentalising ligand species and receptor species to form a set of microreactors, each microreactor comprising at least one ligand species and preferably at least one receptor species; assaying the recognition between ligands and receptors in each microreactor and based on this assay, classifying each microreactor as positive when at least one ligand species and at least one receptor species in the microreactor recognize one with the other or negative when no ligand species and no receptor species recognize in the microreactor; identifying ligand species and receptor species contained in each positive microreactor; establishing a subset of positive microreactors containing the same receptor species; determining the probability that in a given subset of positive microreactors containing the same receptor species, the ligand species recognizing the receptor species corresponds to the most frequent co-compartmentalized ligand species; and if the determined probability is greater than a predetermined threshold, identifying as a cognate pair the receptor species and the most frequent co-compartmentalized ligand species.

Provided herein are engineered nucleic acids (e.g., expression vectors, including viral vectors, such as lentiviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, AAV vectors, herpes viral vectors, and retroviral vectors) that encode OCT4; KLF4; SOX2; or any combination thereof that are useful, for example, in inducing cellular reprogramming, tissue repair, tissue regeneration, organ regeneration, reversing aging, or any combination thereof. Also provided herein are recombinant viruses (e.g., lentiviruses, alphaviruses, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, retroviruses, or AAVs) comprising the engineered nucleic acids (e.g., engineered nucleic acids), engineered cells, compositions comprising the engineered nucleic acids, the recombinant viruses, engineered cells, engineered proteins, chemical agents that are capable of activating expression of OCT4; KLF4; SOX2; or any combination thereof, an engineered protein selected from the group consisting of OCT4; KLF4; SOX2; or any combination thereof, an antibody capable of activating expression of OCT4; KLF4; SOX2; or any combination thereof, and methods of treating a (e.g., ocular disease), preventing a disease (e.g., ocular disease), regulating (e.g., inducing or inducing and then stopping) cellular reprogramming, regulating tissue repair, regulating tissue regeneration, or any combination thereof).

Provided are lincosamide compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases. The lincosamides described herein are modified at the amino acid (southern) region. The lincosamides may have further modification at the C-1 and C-7 positions of the aminooctose (northern) region, thus distinguishing them from lincomycin and clindamycin. Also provided are methods for preparing the lincosamide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the lincosamide compounds, and methods of treating infectious diseases using the disclosed lincosamide compounds.

A device includes a grouping of N qubits, where N is equal to two or more, and a coherent light source configured to, given selected values for a set of parameters of at least a first and a second laser pulse, the parameters selected from a relative phase shift, a laser frequency, a laser intensity, and a pulse duration: apply at least the first and second laser pulses to all qubits within the grouping of N qubits, thereby coupling a non-interacting quantum state |1〉 to an interacting excited state |r〉, such that each qubit that begins in quantum state |1〉 returns to the state |1〉 upon completion of the at least first and second laser pulses, and such that qubits in the grouping are mutually blockaded.

The present disclosure provides an optical component, which may be a metasurface grating, including (a) a substrate; and (b) an array of subwavelength-spaced phase-shifting elements, which are tessellated on the substrate to produce, when illuminated with a polarized incident light, a diffracted light beam with a distinct polarization state for each of a finite number of diffraction orders, wherein the finite number is 2 or more.

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