Kyoto University Patente

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The present disclosure provides an electrolyte composition, including: a polymer (A) that has an anionic functional group and an alkali metal ion as a counter cation of the anionic functional group, wherein the dissociation energy between lithium ions and the anionic functional group is 150 kcal/mol or more; an ionic compound; and a non-ionic organic solvent.

The present disclosure provides an electrolyte composition including a polymer having an ability to preferentially conduct alkali metal ions, and an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound includes an anion having a donor number of 37 or less as measured for a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium salt.

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A two-dimensional photonic crystal laser (10) includes: an active layer (11); a two-dimensional photonic crystal layer (12) including a plate-shaped base body (121) as well as modified refractive index portions (122) arranged in the base body (121) and having a refractive index different from the base body (121), where the modified refractive index portions are arranged with respective predetermined amounts of displacement from lattice points (124) of a two-dimensional lattice (123) arrayed in two predetermined directions with a period corresponding to the predetermined wavelength, or/and, are arranged at the lattice points and have respective predetermined areas, where the amounts of displacement or/and the areas are modulated with a predetermined modulation period; and a pair of electrodes (17, 18). The active layer (11) includes: a saturable absorber section (112) which is a linear section forming a portion of a predetermined range and having no portion parallel to any one of the two predetermined directions; a gain section (111) occupying a portion other than the saturable absorber section within the predetermined range; and a non-gain section (113) formed around the predetermined range. The saturable absorber section (112) has a lower level of conductivity and a shorter carrier lifetime than the gain region (111).

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A grating coupler (10) is provided with: a grating (12) having a plate-shaped base body (121) and modified refractive index areas (122) which are regions having a refractive index different from that of the base body (121) and periodically arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional form within a predetermined range of the base body (121); and a light reflecting portion (14) provided at an end portion opposite to a light-input portion (13) of the range. The modified refractive index areas (122) have a planar shape which makes an absolute value of a direct coupling coefficient (κ1D ) smaller than 1/L which is the reciprocal of a length (L) across the range in a first direction (positive x direction) parallel to the base body (121), where the direct coupling coefficient is an index representing the intensity of light traveling in the first direction (positive x direction) from the light-input portion (13) which is a portion of an end portion of the range and reflected into a second direction (negative x direction) different from the first direction (positive x direction) by 180 degrees without being accompanied by a loss of radiation at the modified refractive index areas (122).

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It is an object of the present invention to provide a photodynamic therapy preparation with enhanced selectivity of the delivery site of a sensitive substance (drug). The present invention relates to a photosensitive substance-containing lipoprotein, comprising a modified high-density lipoprotein containing an apolipoprotein and a phospholipid, and a photosensitive substance, wherein the photosensitive substance-containing lipoprotein comprises one or more molecules of the photosensitive substance per particle of the modified high-density lipoprotein, and the apolipoprotein is formed by binding between a vascular endothelial cell-targeting peptide or aptamer and a cell affinity peptide.

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An object of the present invention is to provide a method for simply and efficiently inducing differentiation of oogonia or prospermatogonia from primordial germ cell-like cells or primordial germ cells. The object is solved by a method for producing oogonia or prospermatogonia comprising a step of culturing primordial germ cell-like cells or primordial germ cells in a medium containing a BMP receptor type 2 signal activator to obtain oogonia or prospermatogonia.

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One aspect of the present disclosure provides an ion conductive substance containing an alkali metal element, a divalent metal element D, a trivalent or higher valent metal element M, and a halogen element, having a cubic crystal structure, wherein in an X-ray diffraction chart obtained by measurement using a CuKα ray at 25°C, when a diffraction peak having a largest peak height observed in a range where a 20 angle is 45 to 53° is defined as a diffraction peak B, and a diffraction peak having a largest peak height observed in a range where a 20 angle is 33 to 38° is defined as a diffraction peak A, a ratio of a peak height of the diffraction peak A to a peak height of the diffraction peak B is 0.80 to 2.50.

The present disclosure provides an ion conductive substance containing an alkali metal element, a metal element M that is at least one of a tetravalent metal element and a pentavalent metal element, a halogen element, a divalent metal element D, and an oxygen element, having a diffraction peak with a half width of 2.0 to 10° in a range where a 2θ angle is 5 to 20° in an X-ray diffraction chart obtained by measurement using CuKα rays at 25°C, and having a content of the divalent metal element D of 2.5 to 18 mol%.

A phosphorus-carbon composite negative electrode material containing a phosphorus atom and a carbon atom, in which, in a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution curve obtained by a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement method, D₁₀ is 1 µm or more, the D₁₀ being a value of a particle diameter at a 10% cumulative point from a fine particle side. In the phosphorus-carbon composite negative electrode material, a ratio WL₆₂₀/WL₇₈₀ of a weight reduction ratio WL₆₂₀ at a measurement temperature of 620°C and a weight reduction ratio WL₇₈₀ at a measurement temperature of 780°C, which are determined by a predetermined thermo gravimetric analysis, is preferably 0.1 or more and 0.9 or less.