Toshiba Patente

A quantum communication device comprising: an adjustable beam separator configured to receive an optical signal comprising encoded light at an optical input of the adjustable beam separator, and configured to couple the optical input to a first output path and to a second output path according to a beam separation ratio of the adjustable beam separator; and a controller configured to control the adjustable beam separator to adjust the beam separation ratio according to the value of a first ratio, the first ratio being a usage ratio of a first basis and a second basis used for encoding the encoded light; and a detector assembly comprising a first detector configured to receive a first signal from the first output path and to measure the received first signal in the first basis, and a second detector configured to receive a second signal from the second output path and to measure the received second signal in the second basis.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a flow channel comprising one or more flow-channel grooves provided between flow-channel walls. One or more protrusions are provided on the flow-channel walls.

According to an embodiment, an acid gas absorbent includes a solvent, and at least one or more amine compounds selected from the group consisting of amine compounds represented by chemical formula (1a).Wherein R¹'s are each independently hydrogen or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, R²' s are each independently an unsubstituted alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, n is either 2 or 3.

According to one embodiment, a power generation system includes a power generator, a power converter, a first detection element, a second detection element, and a detector. The power converter is configured to convert a power generated by the power generator. A first distance between the first detection element and the power converter is shorter than a second distance between the first detection element and the power generator. The detector is configured to output an output signal based on a first detection signal obtained from the first detection element and a second detection signal obtained from the second detection element.

According to one approach, provided is an electrode (10) including a plurality of active material particles (11) and fibrous carbon (12). The fibrous carbon (12) includes a first portion (C1) having a fiber diameter W1 within a range of 60 nm or more and 500 nm or less and a second portion (C2) having a fiber diameter W2 smaller than the fiber diameter W1. At least part of the second portion (C2) is in contact with plurality of the active material particles (11).

A solar cell including a p-electrode, an n-electrode, a p-type light-absorbing layer on the p-electrode including a cuprous oxide compound as a main component, and an n-type layer between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-electrode. The p-type light-absorbing layer incudes a first element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mg, Cd, and Ca on the n-type layer side. The p-type light-absorbing layer is in direct contact with the n-type layer. A concentration of the first element in a region from an interface between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-type layer to a depth of 50 [nm] or less toward the p-electrode side is 90 [atomic%] or more and 100 [atomic%] or less of a concentration of the first element included in the p-type light-absorbing layer.

A laminated body according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a transparent electrode provided on the substrate and an insulating film provided on the transparent electrode. The insulating film covers 50 % or more and 100% or less of a surface of the transparent electrode on the opposite side of the substrate. The insulating film has a thinner thickness of a thickness of the substrate.

According to an embodiment, an electrolysis device includes a cathode for reducing a reduction target to generate a reduction product, an anode for oxidizing an oxidation target to produce an oxidation product, an electrolyte layer provided between the cathode and the anode, and the electrolyte layer including an electrolyte layer material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a heat-resistant polymer, a solid acid, a solid acid salt, and a molten salt, and a first ion conductive material, and a control layer that is provided at least one of between the cathode and the electrolyte layer and between the anode and the electrolyte layer, and that includes a porous material and a second ion-conductive material supported in at least a part of pores of the porous material, wherein 0 ≦ A ≦ B is satisfied, where A is an area of the second ion conductive material on a surface of the control layer on the cathode side or / and the anode side, and B is an area of the second ion conductive material on a surface of the control layer on the electrolyte layer side.

An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support comprising metal fibers or metal particles, the support comprising a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface and a catalyst layer provided on the metal fibers or the metal particles on the first surface side of the support. An average fiber diameter of the metal fibers and an average primary diameter of the metal particles are denoted as D. A direction from the first surface of the support to the second surface of the support is a thickness direction of the support. The catalyst layer is provided at from the first surface to a position at a minimum depth of 3×D or more and a position at a maximum depth of 10×D or less.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a first flow channel comprising flow-channel grooves and connecting a first location and a second location. The first flow channel has a serpentine flow channel shape. The midpoint in a length direction of the first flow channel is defined as the boundary. A range from the boundary to the first location side is defined as the first half. A range from the boundary to the second location side is defined as the second half. A turnaround area is included in the first half of the first flow channel. A turnaround area is included in the second half of the first flow channel that has a flow channel pattern different from that in the first half of the first flow channel.

A separator according to an embodiment including: a flow channel comprising flow-channel walls and flow-channel grooves provided between the flow-channel walls; a supply manifold; an exhaust manifold; a supply connection channel connecting one end of the flow channel to the supply manifold; and an exhaust connection channel connecting the other end of the flow channel to the exhaust manifold. The supply connection channel or/and the exhaust connection channel comprise one or more first protrusion-wall groups including first protrusion-walls and one or more second protrusion-wall groups including second protrusion-walls. The first protrusion-walls are aligned in a second direction which is a vertical direction relative to a first direction which is parallel to the flow-channel grooves at the end portion of the flow channel. The second protrusion-walls are aligned in a second direction. The first protrusion-wall groups and the second protrusion-wall groups are aligned in the first direction. The second protrusion-wall groups are offset in the second direction from the first protrusion-wall groups.

A separator including a flow channel 10 comprising a first flow-channel wall, a second flow-channel wall, a first flow-channel groove between the first flow-channel wall and the second flow-channel wall, and one or more first blocking walls in the first flow-channel groove. The first blocking walls close off a portion of the latter half of the first flow-channel groove.

A method of operating an electrochemical reaction device, includes controlling an electrolytic unit during each of a startup process, an operation process, and a shutdown process so that a first time-averaged pressure at a first position in the cathode space and closer to an inlet of a cathode space than an outlet of the cathode space is equal to or higher than a second time-averaged pressure at a second position in an anode space and opposite the first position with a diaphragm therebetween, and a third time-averaged pressure at a third position in the cathode space and closer to the outlet than the inlet is equal to or higher than a fourth time-averaged pressure at a fourth position in the anode space and opposite the third position with the diaphragm therebetween.

In general, according to an approach, an electrode is provided. The electrode contains a niobium-containing oxide and a carbon-containing material. A hydroxyl group content of the niobium-containing oxide is 0.25 mmol/g or less. A functional group content of the carbon-containing material is 5 mmol/g or less.

In general, according to an approach, a secondary battery (100) includes a positive electrode (5), a negative electrode (3), and an electrolyte. The negative electrode (3) contains a niobium-containing oxide. In hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on a surface of the negative electrode, a ratio B/A of an area B in a range of 680 eV or more and 695 eV or less to an area A in a range of 200 eV or more and 215 eV or less is 1.1 or more and 4.3 or less. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt and a first carboxylate ester. A content of the first carboxylate ester is 70 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less with respect to 100 mass% of the electrolyte excluding the lithium salt.

A key management device according to an arrangement includes a global-key-generation unit, a management unit, a communication unit, and a supply unit. The global-key-generation unit is configured to generate a first-global key used for encryption or decryption of communication of an application, and store the first-global key shared with another key-management-device by encrypted transfer using QKD in a storage unit. The management unit is configured to check an expiration date of the first-global key in the storage unit, and update the first-global key with the expired expiration date to a revoked global key. The communication unit is configured to, when sharing a second-global key newly-generated by the global-key-generation unit with another key-management-device, encrypt the second-global key using the revoked global key, and transmit the encrypted second-global key to another key-management-device. The supply unit is configured to supply the second-global key to the application.

According to one approach, an electrode (10) includes an active material that includes a metal oxide, and a conductive agent that includes a carbon material. A weight of carbon contained in the electrode (10) is 2.5 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the active material. The electrode (10) has lightness L* that satisfies 40 ≤ L* ≤ 85.

According to one arrangement, a thickness measurement system includes a support base on which a measurement object is placed, a first antenna module, a second antenna module disposed opposite to the first antenna module in a first direction across the support base, and a signal generation module shared by the first antenna module and the second antenna module. Both the first antenna module and the second antenna module are configured to transmit a first signal based on a signal from the signal generation module to the measurement object and receive the first signal reflected by the measurement object. The support base, the first antenna module, and the second antenna module are installed such that a distance along the first direction between the support base and the first antenna module is different from a distance along the first direction between the support base and the second antenna module.

According to one arrangement, a key management device is connected to a first application by a wired communication scheme or a wireless communication scheme. The key management device includes a processing unit implemented by at least one processing device and configured to transmit a response including an application key and PSK information indicating a pre-shared key (PSK) used to establish a first communication session between the first application and the key management device to the first application, when receiving a request for the application key used to encrypt or decrypt communication in the first application.

A vehicle lighting device (1) includes: a socket (10); a light emitting module (20) provided on one end side of the socket and including at least one light emitting element (22); and an optical element (52) provided on the one end side and facing the light emitting element. The optical element has at least one incident surface (52a, 52b) having a convex curved surface protruding toward the light emitting element side; and an exit surface (52e, 52f, 52g) facing the incident surface and having multiple lens portions (52k) arranged side by side. The convex curved surface is a paraboloid of revolution or a hyperboloid of revolution. A luminous intensity distribution in a first direction, orthogonal to a central axis of the vehicle lighting device, of light exiting from the exit surface differs from a luminous intensity distribution in a second direction orthogonal to the central axis and the first direction.

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According to one approach, a secondary battery (100) is provided. The secondary battery (100) includes a wound electrode group (2) including a positive electrode (5), a negative electrode (6) containing a negative electrode active material, and a separator (7), and a container member (1) accommodating the wound electrode group (2). The negative electrode active material contains a niobium-titanium composite oxide. A proportion (R_black) determined by the X-ray CT for the wound electrode group is within the range of more than 2.0% and 20.0% or less.

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