Toshiba Patente

In one approach, in a diagnosis method of an electrolysis unit (2), an impedance of the electrolysis unit (2) is measured in each of a first frequency range (ΔF1) and a second frequency range (ΔF2) lower in frequency than the first frequency range (ΔF1). In the diagnosis method, a resistance value of each of a first resistance component (R1) in which influence on the impedance becomes dominant in a first frequency range (ΔF1) and a second resistance component (R2) in which influence on the impedance becomes dominant in a second frequency range (ΔF2) is calculated based on measurement results of the impedance, and degradation and operation of the electrolysis unit (2) are determined based at least on a calculation result of each of the resistance values of the first resistance component (R1) and the second resistance component (R2).

In a quantum cryptography communication control device according to one arrangement, a collection unit collects link information of a link for which a local key is generated by quantum key distribution and a global key guarantee amount of each of a plurality of application pairs executing cryptography communication using a global key. A calculation unit calculates a link cost used for selecting a relay route of the global key based on the link information. A guarantee amount calculation unit calculates a local key guarantee amount allocated to the link for relaying the global key of each of the plurality of application pairs such that the guaranteed amounts of global keys for the plurality of application pairs are simultaneously satisfied. The selection unit selects the relay route of the global key based on the link cost and the local key guarantee amount.

According to an arrangement, a key management device (20) includes a generation unit (203), a packet processing unit (207), and an inter-node relay unit (209). The generation unit (203) is configured to generate a first global key based on a first random number. The packet processing unit (207) is configured to add, to a first packet including the first global key, first path information indicating a relay path for the first packet. The inter-node relay unit (209) is configured to encrypt the first packet with a local key shared with a different node and transmit the encrypted first packet to the different node.

A laminated body according to an embodiment includes a transparent substrate, a p-electrode on the substrate, including a transparent conductive oxide film, and a p-type light-absorbing layer on the p-electrode, including a cuprous oxide compound. A crystal grain size of the cuprous oxide compound is 1.2 times or more a thickness of the p-type light-absorbing layer. A carrier concentration of the p-type light-absorbing layer is 5.0×10¹⁴ [cm^-3] or more. The cuprous oxide compound comprises Cu, oxygen, and optionally an element represented by M1. The element represented by M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, N, P, Sb, and Bi.

According to one embodiment, a determination method causes a processing device to measure coordinates of a hand of a person based on an image in which the hand is visible. The determination method causes the processing device to receive a detected value from a sensor of a device held by the person. The determination method causes the processing device to input the coordinates and the detected value to an estimation model configured to estimate an action force of a body. The determination method causes the processing device to determine at least one selected from the group consisting of a load on the person, a danger to the person, and a proficiency of the person by using an action force of a body of the person output from the estimation model.

A quantum communication device comprising: an adjustable beam separator configured to receive an optical signal comprising encoded light at an optical input of the adjustable beam separator, and configured to couple the optical input to a first output path and to a second output path according to a beam separation ratio of the adjustable beam separator; and a controller configured to control the adjustable beam separator to adjust the beam separation ratio according to the value of a first ratio, the first ratio being a usage ratio of a first basis and a second basis used for encoding the encoded light; and a detector assembly comprising a first detector configured to receive a first signal from the first output path and to measure the received first signal in the first basis, and a second detector configured to receive a second signal from the second output path and to measure the received second signal in the second basis.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a flow channel comprising one or more flow-channel grooves provided between flow-channel walls. One or more protrusions are provided on the flow-channel walls.

A solar cell including a p-electrode, an n-electrode, a p-type light-absorbing layer on the p-electrode including a cuprous oxide compound as a main component, and an n-type layer between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-electrode. The p-type light-absorbing layer incudes a first element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mg, Cd, and Ca on the n-type layer side. The p-type light-absorbing layer is in direct contact with the n-type layer. A concentration of the first element in a region from an interface between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-type layer to a depth of 50 [nm] or less toward the p-electrode side is 90 [atomic%] or more and 100 [atomic%] or less of a concentration of the first element included in the p-type light-absorbing layer.

A laminated body according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a transparent electrode provided on the substrate and an insulating film provided on the transparent electrode. The insulating film covers 50 % or more and 100% or less of a surface of the transparent electrode on the opposite side of the substrate. The insulating film has a thinner thickness of a thickness of the substrate.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a first flow channel comprising flow-channel grooves and connecting a first location and a second location. The first flow channel has a serpentine flow channel shape. The midpoint in a length direction of the first flow channel is defined as the boundary. A range from the boundary to the first location side is defined as the first half. A range from the boundary to the second location side is defined as the second half. A turnaround area is included in the first half of the first flow channel. A turnaround area is included in the second half of the first flow channel that has a flow channel pattern different from that in the first half of the first flow channel.

A separator according to an embodiment including: a flow channel comprising flow-channel walls and flow-channel grooves provided between the flow-channel walls; a supply manifold; an exhaust manifold; a supply connection channel connecting one end of the flow channel to the supply manifold; and an exhaust connection channel connecting the other end of the flow channel to the exhaust manifold. The supply connection channel or/and the exhaust connection channel comprise one or more first protrusion-wall groups including first protrusion-walls and one or more second protrusion-wall groups including second protrusion-walls. The first protrusion-walls are aligned in a second direction which is a vertical direction relative to a first direction which is parallel to the flow-channel grooves at the end portion of the flow channel. The second protrusion-walls are aligned in a second direction. The first protrusion-wall groups and the second protrusion-wall groups are aligned in the first direction. The second protrusion-wall groups are offset in the second direction from the first protrusion-wall groups.

A separator including a flow channel 10 comprising a first flow-channel wall, a second flow-channel wall, a first flow-channel groove between the first flow-channel wall and the second flow-channel wall, and one or more first blocking walls in the first flow-channel groove. The first blocking walls close off a portion of the latter half of the first flow-channel groove.

A method of operating an electrochemical reaction device, includes controlling an electrolytic unit during each of a startup process, an operation process, and a shutdown process so that a first time-averaged pressure at a first position in the cathode space and closer to an inlet of a cathode space than an outlet of the cathode space is equal to or higher than a second time-averaged pressure at a second position in an anode space and opposite the first position with a diaphragm therebetween, and a third time-averaged pressure at a third position in the cathode space and closer to the outlet than the inlet is equal to or higher than a fourth time-averaged pressure at a fourth position in the anode space and opposite the third position with the diaphragm therebetween.

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According to one approach, a secondary battery (100) is provided. The secondary battery (100) includes a wound electrode group (2) including a positive electrode (5), a negative electrode (6) containing a negative electrode active material, and a separator (7), and a container member (1) accommodating the wound electrode group (2). The negative electrode active material contains a niobium-titanium composite oxide. A proportion (R_black) determined by the X-ray CT for the wound electrode group is within the range of more than 2.0% and 20.0% or less.

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