Toshiba Patente

A liquid heating device (1a) includes: a container (3) having a space inside; a plate-shaped base part (121) including a first portion (121a) in the space, and a second portion (121b) at a periphery of the first portion and exposed outside the container; a heating element (23a) on a first side of the first portion; a terminal (23b1) on the first side of the second portion; a connection part (23b2) on the first side of the first portion and the second portion, and electrically connected to the heating element and the terminal; a protection part (24) on the first side of the first portion and the second portion, covering the heating element and the connection part, and exposing the terminal; and a sealing part (4) between the container and the second portion, and provided at an end portion on an upper side in a gravity direction of the container.

An information processing apparatus (100) includes a processing unit. The processing unit generates a first transformation rule for transforming, for each of one or more first properties among one or more properties included in a first data model, the first property into a second property among one or more properties included in a second data model based on a semantic similarity between the properties included in the first data model and the properties included in the second data model. The processing unit generates a second transformation rule for transforming, for each of the one or more first properties, a first element including a definition of the first property among elements included in a first metamodel of the first data model into a second element including a definition of the second property among elements included in a second metamodel of the second data model.

According to one embodiment, an effective range providing apparatus, a structure evaluation apparatus, a structure evaluation system, and an effective range providing method that enable an effective evaluation result to be obtained are provided. According to an embodiment, the effective range providing apparatus includes an effective range determiner and a provider. The effective range determiner determines an effective range for evaluation within a target area serving as an evaluation target for a deterioration state in a structure based on shape information about a shape of the structure on which a vehicle can travel and vehicle information about the vehicle traveling on the structure. The provider provides information indicating the effective range determined by the effective range determiner.

A membrane electrode assembly includes an anode having an anode catalyst layer, a cathode having a cathode catalyst layer, and an electrolyte membrane provided between the anode and the cathode. An ion exchange equivalent weight of the electrolyte membrane is equal to or higher than an ion exchange equivalent weight of the cathode catalyst layer. An ion exchange equivalent weight of the anode catalyst layer is higher than the ion exchange equivalent weight of the cathode catalyst layer and is equal to or higher than the ion exchange equivalent weight of the electrolyte membrane.

A membrane electrode assembly includes: an anode; a cathode; and an electrolyte membrane provided between the anode and cathode. The anode includes: a porous and conductive anode conductive transport layer; and an anode catalyst layer provided between the anode conductive transport layer and the electrolyte membrane. The anode catalyst layer includes first sheet layers and first gap layers, each first sheet layer and each first gap layer being alternately stacked. The cathode includes a porous and conductive cathode conductive transport layer, and a cathode catalyst layer provided between the cathode conductive transport layer and the electrolyte membrane. The cathode catalyst layer includes second sheet layers and second gap layers, each second sheet layer and each second gap layer being alternately stacked. A porosity of the cathode conductive transport layer is higher than a porosity of the anode conductive transport layer.

A solar cell according to an embodiment includes a first transparent electrode, a p-type light absorbing layer provided on the first transparent electrode, a first n-type layer provided on the p-type light absorbing layer, a second n-type layer provided on the first n-type layer, a second transparent electrode provided on the second n-type layer, and an antireflection layer provided on the second transparent electrode. The refractive index of the second n-type layer is higher than the refractive index of the first n-type layer. The second n-type layer comprises a titanium-including metal oxide.

A solar cell module according to an embodiment comprises a substrate; a first solar cell provided on the substrate; a first solar cell including a first upper transparent electrode layer, a first power generation layer, and a first lower transparent electrode layer; a second solar cell provided on the substrate, adjacent to the first solar cell, the second solar cell including a second upper transparent electrode layer, a second power generation layer, and a second lower transparent electrode layer; and a first metal interconnection wiring that electrically connects the first solar cell and the second solar cell. The first upper transparent electrode layer and the second upper transparent electrode layer are provided on the light incident side, and the first solar cell and the second solar cell are arranged in a first direction extending along the width direction of the first solar cell. The first lower transparent electrode layer, the first power generation layer, and the first upper transparent electrode layer are stacked in that order from the substrate side. The second lower transparent electrode layer, the second power generation layer, and the second upper transparent electrode layer are stacked in that order from the substrate side. The first metal interconnection wiring has a portion that extends in the stacking direction. The first lower transparent electrode layer and the second upper transparent electrode layer are electrically connected through the first metal interconnection wiring. The first metal interconnection wiring is physically separated from the first upper transparent electrode layer.

A layered body according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a first intermediate layer provided on the substrate, and a first transparent electrode provided on the first intermediate layer. The refractive index of the first intermediate layer is lower than the refractive index of the substrate. The refractive index of the first intermediate layer is lower than the refractive index of the first transparent electrode.

According to one arrangement, a processing device (20) receives first deterioration information on a power storage module (111) from a first controller (112) connected to the power storage module (111). The processing device (20) receives second deterioration information on the power storage module (111) from a second controller that is connected to the first controller (112) and directly or indirectly controls the first controller (112). The processing device (20) compares the first deterioration information with the second deterioration information, and outputs output information on whether there is a possibility that the first deterioration information or the second deterioration information has been falsified.

To provide a reactor control system capable of achieving an efficient operation of a reactor. In a reactor control system in an embodiment, an inverse analysis part finds, as medium performance distribution data, a medium performance distribution in which performance of a medium changes in a flow direction in which a reactant introduction fluid and an adsorption substance introduction fluid pass through the medium by executing an inverse analysis regarding reactant introduction fluid measurement data, adsorption substance introduction fluid measurement data, and discharge fluid measurement data. A control part executes output of a control signal based on the medium performance distribution data.

According to one embodiment, a sensor includes an element portion. The element portion includes a base including a base face, a fixed portion fixed to the base face, a movable portion supported by the fixed portion, first to fourth electrodes A gap is provided between the base face and the movable portion. The movable portion includes a first annular portion provided around the fixed portion in a first plane along the base face. The first annular portion includes first to fourth partial regions. The first electrode is fixed to the base face and faces the first partial region. The second electrode is fixed to the base face and faces the second partial region. The third electrode is fixed to the base face and faces the third partial region. The fourth electrode is fixed to the base face and faces the fourth partial region.

A fluid heating device (1, 1a) according to an embodiment includes: a housing (11) having a space inside through which a fluid (100, 100a) flows; and at least one heater (12, 13, 14, 15) provided inside the housing and presenting a plate shape. The heater extends from a first inner wall (11c) side of the housing toward a second inner wall (11d) side facing the first inner wall, and a space is provided between the heater and the second inner wall.

In a quantum cryptography communication control device according to one arrangement, a collection unit collects link information of a link for which a local key is generated by quantum key distribution and a global key guarantee amount of each of a plurality of application pairs executing cryptography communication using a global key. A calculation unit calculates a link cost used for selecting a relay route of the global key based on the link information. A guarantee amount calculation unit calculates a local key guarantee amount allocated to the link for relaying the global key of each of the plurality of application pairs such that the guaranteed amounts of global keys for the plurality of application pairs are simultaneously satisfied. The selection unit selects the relay route of the global key based on the link cost and the local key guarantee amount.

In one approach, in a diagnosis method of an electrolysis unit (2), an impedance of the electrolysis unit (2) is measured in each of a first frequency range (ΔF1) and a second frequency range (ΔF2) lower in frequency than the first frequency range (ΔF1). In the diagnosis method, a resistance value of each of a first resistance component (R1) in which influence on the impedance becomes dominant in a first frequency range (ΔF1) and a second resistance component (R2) in which influence on the impedance becomes dominant in a second frequency range (ΔF2) is calculated based on measurement results of the impedance, and degradation and operation of the electrolysis unit (2) are determined based at least on a calculation result of each of the resistance values of the first resistance component (R1) and the second resistance component (R2).

According to an arrangement, a QKD device (2) includes a detection unit (21), a monitoring unit (24), and a switching control unit (25). The detection unit (21) is configured to detect a quantum signal by photons transmitted from a transmitting quantum key distribution (QKD) device. The monitoring unit (24) is configured to monitor monitoring information including a parameter based on the quantum signal. The switching control unit (25) is configured to transmit, to the transmitting QKD device (1), a switching signal for switching from a normal mode to a debug mode for enhancing intensity of the quantum signal by a predetermined value, based on the monitoring information.

According to an arrangement, a key management device (20) includes a generation unit (203), a packet processing unit (207), and an inter-node relay unit (209). The generation unit (203) is configured to generate a first global key based on a first random number. The packet processing unit (207) is configured to add, to a first packet including the first global key, first path information indicating a relay path for the first packet. The inter-node relay unit (209) is configured to encrypt the first packet with a local key shared with a different node and transmit the encrypted first packet to the different node.

Provided are a vehicle lighting device and a vehicle lighting fixture in which heat generated in a light emitting module can be efficiently transferred to a socket. A vehicle lighting device (1) according to an embodiment includes: a socket (10); a light emitting module (20), provided on one end side of the socket (10) and including a light emitting element (22); and a heat transfer part (40), provided between the socket (10) and the light emitting module (20). In the case of being viewed in a direction along a central shaft (1a) of the vehicle lighting device (1), a contour of the heat transfer part (40) includes an arc protruding outward, and a portion of the heat transfer part (40) including the arc is located outside the light emitting module (20).

According to one embodiment, a fiber (1) including an adsorbing element having an acid gas adsorption ability is provided.

According to one arrangement, a designing method for predicting a composition of a delivery carrier that satisfies a target value of an active agent delivery amount for a target cell is provided. The method includes preparing a delivery carrier prediction tool and acquiring, using the delivery carrier prediction tool, the composition of the delivery carrier that satisfies the target value based on a lipid composition of a cell membrane of the target cell.

A voltage control method of an embodiment is for applying a voltage to an electrochemical device that has an electrode with a catalyst containing a noble metal and periodically reversing a polarity of the voltage to perform an electrolytic reaction and recover a valuable resource from the electrochemical device. The voltage control method includes continuously increasing an absolute value of the voltage and then holding the value while periodically reversing the polarity of the voltage.

A method of recovering a valuable resource from an electrochemical device including a catalyst of an oxide of a noble metal, includes: reducing the oxide while heating an object that has the catalyst; and applying a voltage to the object that is in contact with a solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of ion species and chemical species which can form a complex with the noble metal, continuously increasing an absolute value of the voltage and then holding the value while periodically reversing a polarity of the voltage to perform an electrolytic reaction and dissolve the reduced noble metal in the solution as ions.

A laminated body according to an embodiment includes a transparent substrate, a p-electrode on the substrate, including a transparent conductive oxide film, and a p-type light-absorbing layer on the p-electrode, including a cuprous oxide compound. A crystal grain size of the cuprous oxide compound is 1.2 times or more a thickness of the p-type light-absorbing layer. A carrier concentration of the p-type light-absorbing layer is 5.0×10¹⁴ [cm^-3] or more. The cuprous oxide compound comprises Cu, oxygen, and optionally an element represented by M1. The element represented by M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, N, P, Sb, and Bi.

To provide an electrochemical device that easily achieves a thickness reduction of its insulating sealing member and can have improved performance. In an electrochemical device of an embodiment, a cell stack has an insulating sealing member installed between a first separator and a second separator and configured to seal a gap between the first separator and the second separator and electrically insulate the first separator and the second separator from each other. The insulating sealing member has a metal layer and an insulation layer stacked on the metal layer in a stacking direction. The insulation layer contains a glass paste base material having a lower glass transition temperature than an operating temperature of the cell stack and a filler material having a higher glass transition temperature than the operating temperature of the cell stack, and the filler material is dispersed in the glass base material.

A quantum communication device comprising: an adjustable beam separator configured to receive an optical signal comprising encoded light at an optical input of the adjustable beam separator, and configured to couple the optical input to a first output path and to a second output path according to a beam separation ratio of the adjustable beam separator; and a controller configured to control the adjustable beam separator to adjust the beam separation ratio according to the value of a first ratio, the first ratio being a usage ratio of a first basis and a second basis used for encoding the encoded light; and a detector assembly comprising a first detector configured to receive a first signal from the first output path and to measure the received first signal in the first basis, and a second detector configured to receive a second signal from the second output path and to measure the received second signal in the second basis.

According to one embodiment, a determination method causes a processing device to measure coordinates of a hand of a person based on an image in which the hand is visible. The determination method causes the processing device to receive a detected value from a sensor of a device held by the person. The determination method causes the processing device to input the coordinates and the detected value to an estimation model configured to estimate an action force of a body. The determination method causes the processing device to determine at least one selected from the group consisting of a load on the person, a danger to the person, and a proficiency of the person by using an action force of a body of the person output from the estimation model.

According to an embodiment, an acid gas absorbent includes a solvent, and at least one or more amine compounds selected from the group consisting of amine compounds represented by chemical formula (1a).Wherein R¹'s are each independently hydrogen or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, R²' s are each independently an unsubstituted alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, n is either 2 or 3.

According to one embodiment, a power generation system includes a power generator, a power converter, a first detection element, a second detection element, and a detector. The power converter is configured to convert a power generated by the power generator. A first distance between the first detection element and the power converter is shorter than a second distance between the first detection element and the power generator. The detector is configured to output an output signal based on a first detection signal obtained from the first detection element and a second detection signal obtained from the second detection element.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a flow channel comprising one or more flow-channel grooves provided between flow-channel walls. One or more protrusions are provided on the flow-channel walls.

According to one approach, provided is an electrode (10) including a plurality of active material particles (11) and fibrous carbon (12). The fibrous carbon (12) includes a first portion (C1) having a fiber diameter W1 within a range of 60 nm or more and 500 nm or less and a second portion (C2) having a fiber diameter W2 smaller than the fiber diameter W1. At least part of the second portion (C2) is in contact with plurality of the active material particles (11).

According to one approach, an electrode (10) includes an active material that includes a metal oxide, and a conductive agent that includes a carbon material. A weight of carbon contained in the electrode (10) is 2.5 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the active material. The electrode (10) has lightness L* that satisfies 40 ≤ L* ≤ 85.

An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support comprising metal fibers or metal particles, the support comprising a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface and a catalyst layer provided on the metal fibers or the metal particles on the first surface side of the support. An average fiber diameter of the metal fibers and an average primary diameter of the metal particles are denoted as D. A direction from the first surface of the support to the second surface of the support is a thickness direction of the support. The catalyst layer is provided at from the first surface to a position at a minimum depth of 3×D or more and a position at a maximum depth of 10×D or less.

A solar cell including a p-electrode, an n-electrode, a p-type light-absorbing layer on the p-electrode including a cuprous oxide compound as a main component, and an n-type layer between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-electrode. The p-type light-absorbing layer incudes a first element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mg, Cd, and Ca on the n-type layer side. The p-type light-absorbing layer is in direct contact with the n-type layer. A concentration of the first element in a region from an interface between the p-type light-absorbing layer and the n-type layer to a depth of 50 [nm] or less toward the p-electrode side is 90 [atomic%] or more and 100 [atomic%] or less of a concentration of the first element included in the p-type light-absorbing layer.

A key management device according to an arrangement includes a global-key-generation unit, a management unit, a communication unit, and a supply unit. The global-key-generation unit is configured to generate a first-global key used for encryption or decryption of communication of an application, and store the first-global key shared with another key-management-device by encrypted transfer using QKD in a storage unit. The management unit is configured to check an expiration date of the first-global key in the storage unit, and update the first-global key with the expired expiration date to a revoked global key. The communication unit is configured to, when sharing a second-global key newly-generated by the global-key-generation unit with another key-management-device, encrypt the second-global key using the revoked global key, and transmit the encrypted second-global key to another key-management-device. The supply unit is configured to supply the second-global key to the application.

A laminated body according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a transparent electrode provided on the substrate and an insulating film provided on the transparent electrode. The insulating film covers 50 % or more and 100% or less of a surface of the transparent electrode on the opposite side of the substrate. The insulating film has a thinner thickness of a thickness of the substrate.

In general, according to an approach, a secondary battery (100) includes a positive electrode (5), a negative electrode (3), and an electrolyte. The negative electrode (3) contains a niobium-containing oxide. In hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on a surface of the negative electrode, a ratio B/A of an area B in a range of 680 eV or more and 695 eV or less to an area A in a range of 200 eV or more and 215 eV or less is 1.1 or more and 4.3 or less. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt and a first carboxylate ester. A content of the first carboxylate ester is 70 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less with respect to 100 mass% of the electrolyte excluding the lithium salt.

A method of operating an electrochemical reaction device, includes controlling an electrolytic unit during each of a startup process, an operation process, and a shutdown process so that a first time-averaged pressure at a first position in the cathode space and closer to an inlet of a cathode space than an outlet of the cathode space is equal to or higher than a second time-averaged pressure at a second position in an anode space and opposite the first position with a diaphragm therebetween, and a third time-averaged pressure at a third position in the cathode space and closer to the outlet than the inlet is equal to or higher than a fourth time-averaged pressure at a fourth position in the anode space and opposite the third position with the diaphragm therebetween.

In general, according to an approach, an electrode is provided. The electrode contains a niobium-containing oxide and a carbon-containing material. A hydroxyl group content of the niobium-containing oxide is 0.25 mmol/g or less. A functional group content of the carbon-containing material is 5 mmol/g or less.

According to an embodiment, an electrolysis device includes a cathode for reducing a reduction target to generate a reduction product, an anode for oxidizing an oxidation target to produce an oxidation product, an electrolyte layer provided between the cathode and the anode, and the electrolyte layer including an electrolyte layer material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a heat-resistant polymer, a solid acid, a solid acid salt, and a molten salt, and a first ion conductive material, and a control layer that is provided at least one of between the cathode and the electrolyte layer and between the anode and the electrolyte layer, and that includes a porous material and a second ion-conductive material supported in at least a part of pores of the porous material, wherein 0 ≦ A ≦ B is satisfied, where A is an area of the second ion conductive material on a surface of the control layer on the cathode side or / and the anode side, and B is an area of the second ion conductive material on a surface of the control layer on the electrolyte layer side.

A separator including a flow channel 10 comprising a first flow-channel wall, a second flow-channel wall, a first flow-channel groove between the first flow-channel wall and the second flow-channel wall, and one or more first blocking walls in the first flow-channel groove. The first blocking walls close off a portion of the latter half of the first flow-channel groove.

A separator according to an embodiment includes a first flow channel comprising flow-channel grooves and connecting a first location and a second location. The first flow channel has a serpentine flow channel shape. The midpoint in a length direction of the first flow channel is defined as the boundary. A range from the boundary to the first location side is defined as the first half. A range from the boundary to the second location side is defined as the second half. A turnaround area is included in the first half of the first flow channel. A turnaround area is included in the second half of the first flow channel that has a flow channel pattern different from that in the first half of the first flow channel.