Korea University Research and Business Foundation

Disclosed are a physically unclonable function device and a cryptographic key generation apparatus using the same. More particularly, a physically unclonable function device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a spin-torque generating layer; a magnetic free layer; a tunnel barrier layer; a spacer layer; and an indirect exchange interaction layer, wherein the spin-torque generating layer generates a Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) when a current flows in an in-plane direction, the magnetic free layer has Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA), and the indirect exchange interaction layer includes a first magnetic layer, a non-magnetic intermediate layer, and a second magnetic layer, wherein a magnetization direction between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer is determined to be a parallel or antiparallel state according to the thickness of the non-magnetic intermediate layer, and when the magnetization direction of the indirect exchange interaction layer is the antiparallel state, stray magnetic fields of the first and second magnetic layers cancel each other out so that switching of the magnetic free layer does not occur, and when the magnetization direction of the indirect exchange interaction layer is the parallel state, the stray magnetic fields reinforce each other so that switching of the magnetic free layer occurs.

The present disclosure relates to an analog-to-digital converter and a conversion method, and more particularly, to an analog-to-digital converter and a conversion method for reducing a clock cycle required for conversion by increasing a conversion resolution in a characteristic clock cycle. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of operating an analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog input signal into a digital output in response to a clock cycle may include sampling the analog input signal and inputting the sampled analog input signal to each of a first comparator, a second comparator, and a third comparator, obtaining a first digital output including two bits based on a first output value output as first comparison voltages having a first interval are applied to the first comparator to the third comparator during a first clock cycle, obtaining a second output value by applying second comparison voltages having a second interval smaller than the first interval to the first comparator to the third comparator within a preset range during a second clock cycle, and obtaining a second digital output including three bits based on the second output value when the second output value has a value within the range.

A processor-implemented method includes according to a learned policy, determining, based on input data, a movement path of an agent, in response to the agent finishing moving, obtaining feedback determined based on whether a target point is reached, and based on the feedback, updating a parameter of the learned policy.

The present disclosure relates to a switched capacitor equalizer. The switched capacitor equalizer according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may include a first integrating amplifier that integrates input voltage in response to an odd clock period and outputs first output voltage, a second integrating amplifier that integrates the input voltage in response to an even clock period and outputs second output voltage, a coupling capacitor that delivers the first output voltage to the second integrating amplifier in response to the odd clock period and delivers the second output voltage to the first integrating amplifier in response to the even clock period, and a first transistor that outputs an odd data signal in response to the odd clock period, and a second transistor that outputs an even data signal in response to the even clock period.

A memory device that includes both a heat diffusion facilitating layer and a heat diffusion inhibiting layer is disclosed. A phase change memory device according to an embodiment disclosed herein includes: a first phase change layer; a first heat diffusion facilitating layer disposed to be adjacent to one surface of the first phase change layer; and a first heat diffusion inhibiting layer disposed to be adjacent to the other surface of the first phase change layer.

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The present invention provides a composition for inhibiting ice recrystallization, including: A nucleic acid structure comprising a scaffold nucleic acid folded at predetermined positions to form a plurality of strands, and a plurality of staple nucleic acids, wherein at least a portion thereof has a complementary sequence to at least a portion of the scaffold nucleic acid, thereby binding to the scaffold nucleic acid to form a double strand. Therefore, it is possible to increase a survival rate of cells due to having excellent effect of inhibiting ice recrystallization upon cryopreservation of the cells, and maintain a texture of food even when using the composition in the freezing of food.

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