Cummins

Systems and methods are disclosed for recovering lithium inventory and extending the operational life of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) batteries exhibiting multiphase electrochemical behavior. In example implementations, a battery cell configured with LMFP cathode materials having phase-dependent lithium transport characteristics undergoes a controlled recovery operation initiated in response to aging indicators. The recovery operation includes regulating the battery cell to a defined elevated temperature range for at least one phase of a multiphase reaction and directing a charging process while the cell is within the temperature range to promote lithium-ion migration from less accessible regions to active electrochemical sites. In some implementations, the charging process includes a low-rate charge followed by a normal-rate discharge. The disclosed techniques may be implemented by a battery management system and are applicable to vehicle, industrial, and stationary energy storage systems to improve capacity retention, operational stability, and lifecycle performance of aged LMFP batteries.

Systems and methods for diagnosing a catalyst of an aftertreatment system is described herein. The system includes an exhaust aftertreatment system and a controller coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system. The controller receives a dosing efficiency regarding a catalyst of the aftertreatment system and determines an actual aging condition of the catalyst based at least in part on the dosing efficiency. The controller further include receives temperature data indicative of an operating temperature of the catalyst, the temperature data having associated runtime durations and determines an expected aging condition of the catalyst based on the temperature data and the associated runtime durations. The controller transmits an early aging notification to a user device in response to the actual aging condition exceeding the expected aging condition.

Disclosed are lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) battery systems, cells, and methods configured to smooth stair-like voltage behavior inherent to LMFP chemistries. The disclosure describes blending LMFP cathode materials having different iron-to-manganese ratios to moderate multiphase redox reactions and produce a more slope-like voltage profile during charge and discharge. The blended cathode materials may be integrated at a material level, electrode level, cell level, or pack level to improve state-of-charge estimation, power control, and battery management system performance while preserving the inherent safety, cost, and cycle-life advantages of LMFP chemistry. The disclosed systems support modular battery architectures and are adaptable to electric vehicles, heavy-duty applications, and stationary energy storage. By reducing steep voltage transitions without introducing higher-risk chemistries, the disclosed approaches enable improved controllability, reliability, and scalability of LMFP-based energy storage systems.

Systems and methods are disclosed for estimating state parameters of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) battery cells with improved accuracy and robustness. Per-cell estimation of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is performed using electrical measurements including voltage, current, and temperature. In example implementations, shifts in characteristic voltage transition regions associated with manganese- and iron-based redox reactions are monitored to infer degradation during normal operation. Mechanical swelling force of the battery cell is measured using one or more pressure sensors, providing a physical indicator correlated with SOC and long-term lithium inventory loss, particularly in voltage-flat operating regions. Direct current internal resistance values obtained from controlled current pulses may further enhance estimation accuracy. These complementary estimation techniques may be implemented individually or in combination within a battery management system to improve diagnostics, adaptive control, and lifecycle management of LMFP battery cells in electrified vehicle and energy storage applications.

A cooling system and apparatus for power electronics includes a first heat sink and a second heat sink with coolant flow paths that receive coolant for cooling different sides of the power electronics. A first connector assembly at the inlet ends of the first and second heat sinks connects the coolant flow paths to a cooling loop, receives the coolant from the cooling loop, and splits the coolant between the coolant flow paths of the first and second heat sinks. A second connector assembly at the outlet ends of the first and second heat sinks collects the coolant flow from the coolant flow paths of the first and second heat sinks and outlets the combined coolant flows to the cooling loop.

An internal combustion engine system includes an engine with a plurality of pistons housed in respective ones of a plurality of cylinders. A valve train is provided for opening and closing intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders during nominal engine operations. The valve train is also configured for cylinder deactivation and to provide one or more selected lift profiles for opening and closing of the intake and/or exhaust valves.

The present invention relates to a motor winding design method that enables the implementation of high parallel paths per phase in both high-speed and low-speed electric motors. The method involves using multiple parallel paths per phase, where each parallel path occupies one slot per pole and the winding configuration incorporates both forward and backward parallel paths. The design features a layer-group winding configuration with at least two layers, with jumper wires connecting different layer groups. Additionally, the method includes a flexibility mechanism that supports scalable configurations for various motor types, including 3-phase and 6-phase systems. This approach enhances motor performance and efficiency while providing adaptable design options.

A mass is movable into and out of contact with a valve seat to control flow through an opening of the valve seat. The movable mass is operably coupled to an electronic actuator. A drive current is supplied to the electronic actuator in a manner that induces a mechanical resonance in the movable mass to release the movable mass from the valve seat in response to a release condition, such as when the movable mass is stuck to the valve seat due to a temperature condition.

A piston having a piston body with an upper end opposite a lower end, between which a center axis extends. The piston body includes a piston bowl having a piston bowl surface with a half section profile that includes a central bottom portion and a target side wall that extends between first and second separation cliffs. The central bottom portion extends radially at a central slope from the center axis to the first separation cliff. The target side wall extends at a slope that is different from the central slope. The target side wall receives fuel from a fuel injector at a spray angle that avoids contact with the first separation cliff for better fuel to air mixing to delay peak of combustion rate. The second separation cliff extends at a slope that directs the fuel plume away from and detaches from the second separation cliff for peak combustion.

Methods and systems are disclosed for identifying, generating, and/or commanding operation parameters of a battery system (106) of a hybrid mining haul truck (100). The methods and systems disclosed herein may include sensors (112. 110) operationally coupled to a battery system (106) and/or an engine (104) of a vehicle to obtain characteristics related to a route of a vehicle and/or the vehicle's operation, which are configured to transmit signals to one or more processor functions for evaluation and generation of a battery system operation request or command.