Nokia Technologies Patente

Described herein are apparatuses, methods, and computer program products for low latency STAs to select the backoff counters in such a way that can reduce collisions during the P-EDCA contention. An adaptive contention technique is employed that reduces the probability of collisions, while maintaining fair access to the channel and limiting overhead. Each low latency STA may initially obtain a distinct probability distribution for the backoff counter selection with a contention slot selected based on the probability distribution. The selected slot may be transformed, such as by being permutated, to produce the backoff counter to be used by a low latency STAs.

Examples of the disclosure relate to measurement reporting. An apparatus receives a configuration comprising at least one reporting condition for reporting measurement results. The reporting condition is to be used upon transitions of the apparatus to a connected mode. The apparatus determines whether the at least one reporting condition has been satisfied by determining a probability that handover is to be triggered. The apparatus reports measurement results based on the determination.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to paging monitoring for low power operation. A method comprises a user device receives, from a network device, information that the lower power signal is supported; responsive to receiving the information, the user device enables skipping of at least one paging occasion; and the user device monitors, based on the skipping of the at least one paging, a first number of consecutive paging occasions among a greater second number of consecutive paging occasions.

A user equipment and associated method are provided for performing, respective pre-compensation to one or more uplink transmission parameters on two or more reference points of a plurality of reference points, based on a respective geographical position of the two or more reference points; transmitting, to at least one network node, respective plurality of uplink signals for the two or more respective reference points, via respective transmission resources, based on the respective pre-compensation; receiving, from the at least one network node, at least one message providing information representative of plurality of errors associated with the plurality of reference points; and determining a position of the user equipment based on the plurality of errors. A corresponding network node and associated are also provided.

A user equipment and associated method are provided for performing, respective pre-compensation to one or more uplink transmission parameters on two or more reference points of a plurality of reference points, based on a respective geographical position of the two or more reference points; transmitting, to at least one network node, respective plurality of uplink signals for the two or more respective reference points, via respective transmission resources, based on the respective pre-compensation; and receiving, from the at least one network node, at least one message indicating a position of the user equipment. A corresponding network node and associated are also provided.

Examples of the disclosure relate to measurement reporting. An apparatus receives a configuration comprising at least one reporting condition for reporting measurement results. The reporting condition is to be used upon transitions of the apparatus to a connected mode. The apparatus determines whether the at least one reporting condition has been satisfied. Determining whether the at least one reporting condition has been satisfied comprises determining a probability that carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC) are to be setup after transition to a connected mode. The apparatus reports measurement results based on the determination.

An apparatus configured to: receive, from a network node, a configuration for carrier aggregation, wherein the configuration comprises, at least, an indication of at least one secondary cell; and configure reception from the at least one secondary cell based, at least partially, on: whether a first band comprising at least one component carrier of a serving cell, and a second band comprising at least one component carrier of the at least one secondary cell, are a same band, and whether use of the single receiver chain is estimated to negatively impact reception performance of the apparatus, wherein the apparatus is capable of receiving at least two non-adjacent component carriers using a single receiver chain.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus for providing a uniform output for different wavelengths of light. The apparatus can comprise a light guide. The light guide can comprise a first layer and a second layer and an interface between the layers. The first layer comprises an in-coupler configured and an out-coupler. The interface between the first layer and the second layer comprises a beamsplitter arranged to split beams of light. The interface is arranged to retain in-coupled light of a first wavelength range in the first layer and split beams of light of a second wavelength range so that part of the in-coupled light of the second wavelength range is reflected into the layer from which the light has travelled and part of the in-coupled light of the second wavelength range passes into the other layer.

There is provided an apparatus, method, and computer program for causing an apparatus to perform: deriving a threshold configuration, wherein the threshold configuration comprises at least one respective threshold for at least one of at least one first frequency or at least one second frequency, wherein the at least one second frequency is different to the at least one first frequency; receiving first signalling on the at least one first frequency wherein the first signalling indicates whether a random access procedure is to be performed on the at least one second frequency; determining the at least one second frequency; determining, based on the first signalling and the threshold configuration, whether to perform a random access procedure on the at least one second frequency; and performing the random access procedure in accordance with said determining.

Methods, apparatus and systems for carrier aggregation are disclosed.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus. The apparatus comprises a light guide comprising a first layer, a second layer, and an interface between the layers. The first layer comprises a first incoupler configured to in-couple light of a first wavelength range into the first layer and a first outcoupler configured to out-couple the light of the first wavelength range. The second layer comprises a second incoupler configured to in-couple light of a second wavelength range into the second layer and a second outcoupler configured to out-couple the light of the second wavelength range. The interface is arranged to retain light of the first wavelength range in the first layer and to retain light of the second wavelength range in the second layer and to allow light of a third wavelength range to pass through the interface and travel through both the first layer and the second layer.

Examples of the disclosure relate to management of reference signal resources. Performance measurements are performed for a model that is used for reference signal resource predictions. The measurements are performed based on configured reference signals. The performance measurements are performed over a monitoring period. At least one output of the performance measurements is reported. The output is reported within the monitoring period. The output of the performance measurements provides at least an indication of the accuracy of the model that is used for reference signal resource predictions.

There is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform determining the occurrence of at least two events of a plurality of events, wherein the plurality of events are related to beam quality, determining, based on at least one first condition, an order in which a beam report comprising measurements related to one event of the at least two events and at least one further beam report related to an other event of the at least two events are sent to the network and providing the beam reports related to each of the at least two events to the network in different occasions on an uplink channel in the determined order.

Examples of the disclosure relate to measurements for reference signal resource prediction. A first message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received and measurements for reference signal resource prediction are performed in accordance with the first message. A second message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received and at least one of, measurements for reference signal resource prediction, or reference signal resource predictions are reported in accordance with the second message.

Examples of the disclosure relate to measurements for reference signal resource prediction. A first message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received and measurements for reference signal resource prediction are performed in accordance with the first message. A second message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received. Inference using the measurements to obtain one or more reference signal resource predictions is performed. The reference signal resource predictions are reported in accordance with the second message.

An apparatus includes: at least one processor, and at least one memory having stored thereon instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least: configuring to monitor for a low-power wake up signal (LP-WUS) and for paging on a first carrier and to respond to paging, received on the first carrier, on at least one second carrier; determining at least one threshold, where the at least one threshold is derived based on at least one condition, relating to channel quality of at least one of the first carrier or the at least one second carrier, for monitoring for the LP-WUS on the first carrier; and in response to receiving a LP-WUS or a paging on the first carrier, evaluating whether at least one channel measurement, of the at least one second carrier, satisfies the at least one determined threshold.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a UE apparatus, method, and computer program for measurement configuration based on in-gap interference. The UE apparatus determines, a first configuration for measuring a level of in-gap interference between a first CC and a second CC. The UE apparatus determines, based on the in-gap interference level, a second configuration for measuring at least one or more of a first CC, a second CC, and the in-gap interference. The UE apparatus measures, at least one of the first CC, the in-gap interference, or the second CC using at least one RF resource based on the determined first configuration and the determined second configuration.

Examples of the disclosure relate to measurements for reference signal resource prediction. A first message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received and measurements for reference signal resource prediction are performed in accordance with the first message. A second message associated with measurements for reference signal resource prediction is received. An association between the first message and the second message is determined. Measurements for reference signal resource prediction; or reference signal resource predictions are reported in accordance with the association. The determined association ensures that the report that is made in accordance with the second message relates to the measurements made based on the first message.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a solution for serving cell measurement configuration. In the solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of at least one measurement object for a plurality of on-demand synchronization signals for a cell. In accordance with a determination that an on-demand synchronization signal is activated for the cell, the first apparatus determines a measurement object for the activated synchronization signal from the received configuration for the cell. The first apparatus determines a measurement result for the cell by measuring one or more synchronization signals at least based on the determined measurement object. The first apparatus transmits the measurement result to the second apparatus.

The present subject matter relates to a method comprising: communicating a frame to coordinate transmission of one or more streams by associated one or more second apparatuses of a set of apparatuses on a communication channel, the frame providing each second apparatus with control information to enable or disable transmission of a stream of the one or more streams by the second apparatus within at least one time window allocated for transmission on the communication channel by one or more third apparatuses of the set of apparatuses.

The embodiments concern a method for encoding, comprising determining external data to generate one or more pictures, the generated one or more pictures to be used as reference pictures; generating loading instructions for the external data, the loading instructions indicating how the external data is to be processed; generating one or more predictors from corresponding one or more reference pictures; encoding coding units with the one or more predictors to generate encoded video data; and signaling the loading instructions to a decoder in or along a bitstream comprising the encoded video data. The embodiments also concern an encoder.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus for adjusting the size or position of an exit pupil. Example apparatus comprise a light guide configured to receive an input beam of light and provide a first expanded output beam of light and a second expanded output beam of light. The first expanded beam of light is directed in a first direction and the second expanded beam of light is directed in a second direction. The apparatus also comprises at least one optical component, spaced from the light guide, and configured to reflect at least part of the second expanded output beam of light towards the first direction to provide a combined exit pupil. The combined exit pupil comprises the first expanded beam of light and the second expanded beam of light wherein the combined exit pupil comprises a non-overlapping region.

There is inter alia disclosed an apparatus for spatial audio encoding comprising: means for analysing a plurality of spatial audio parameter sets associated with a frame of one or more audio signals, wherein the plurality of spatial audio parameter sets are associated with a plurality of subframes, a plurality of frequency sub bands and a plurality of sound source directions for the frame of the one or more audio signals; and means for determining from the analysis of the plurality of spatial audio parameter sets at least one spatial audio parameter set for subframes of the frame of the one or more audio signals.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus that enable tracking of a user of the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a light guide arranged to enable light to be guided through the light guide via internal reflections, first in-coupling diffractive means configured to in-couple one or more input beams of light with a first wavelength range into the light guide, second in-coupling diffractive means configured to in-couple one or more input beams of light with a second wavelength range into the light guide, expanding diffractive means configured to expand the one or more input beams of light, and out-coupling diffractive means configured to out-couple the expanded beams of light from the light guide so as to provide a first exit pupil for the first wavelength range and a second exit pupil for the second wavelength range.

Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs for determining and using a radio network temporary identifier are disclosed. A method includes determining an offset; determining a first radio network temporary identifier based, at least partially, upon the offset; and using the first radio network temporary identifier for subsequently transmitting a message to a device.

A first radio access network element, including at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer program code, the at least one processor, when executing the computer program code, is configured to cause the first radio access network element to, transmit a message to at least one of a second radio access network element or a core network element, wherein the message indicates support information, the support information indicating one or more receive capabilities supported by a user equipment (UE) for one or more frequency bands supported by the UE.

A first radio access network element, may include at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer program code, the at least one processor, when executing the computer program code, is configured to cause the first radio access network element to, receive a message from a second radio access network element or a core network element, the message indicating support information, the support information indicating one or more receive capabilities supported by a user equipment (UE) for one or more frequency bands supported by the UE.

There is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine information associated with at least one of one or more channel state information, CSI, reports which are to be reported to an access node; and send said determined information associated with the at least one of the one or more CSI reports to the access node in one or more medium access control control elements, MAC CE, at least one of the one or more MAC CE providing a buffer status in addition to the determined information associated with the at least one of one or more CSI reports.

There is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: perform one or more measurements for one or more channel state information, CSI, reports; determine a size associated with at least one of the one or more CSI reports to be sent to an access node; and send a report to the access node, said report comprising information about the determined size associated with the at least one of the one or more CSI reports.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus, modules and devices for providing a head up display (HUD) or mediated reality headset. The optical apparatus can comprise a light guide configured to receive an input beam of light and provide an expanded output beam of light and one or more optical components configured to adjust the expanded output beam of light. At least two items of the light guide and the one or more optical components are arranged so that a first item has a first optical power in a first axis and a second item has a second optical power in a second axis. The second axis is different to the first axis and the optical powers of the respective items are configured to focus the expanded output beam of light.

Examples of the disclosure relate to optical apparatus that can adjust the focus distance of images provided by the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a light guide configured to receive an input beam of light and provide an expanded output beam of light. The apparatus also comprises one or more optical components configured to adjust the expanded output beam of light. The apparatus also comprises adjustment means. The adjustment means are configured to adjust at least one of the light guide or the one or more optical components to enable a focus distance of an image provided by the apparatus to be adjusted. The adjustment means are synchronized with an image source so that the focus distance of the image provided by the apparatus is coordinated with an image provided by the image source.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to contention-based uplink transmission. A method comprises receiving a configuration indicating Configured Grant (CG) uplink data channel resources allocated for the apparatus and two or more Scheduling Request (SR) resources associated with the CG uplink data channel resources; obtaining mapping information between the two or more SR resources and at least one of buffer status information or delay status information of the apparatus, at least one of the buffer status information or the delay status information being to be transmitted on the CG uplink data channel resources; selecting, from the two or more SR resources, at least one SR resource to be used based on the mapping information and at least one of the buffer status information or the delay status information of the apparatus; transmitting at least one SR on the selected at least one SR resource; and performing a transmission including at least one of the buffer status information or the delay status information on the CG uplink data channel resources.

There is provided a method, apparatus and computer program for causing an apparatus to perform: obtaining at least one audio signal; compressing the at least one audio signal using at least one first algorithm to output at least one compressed audio signal, wherein a summation of two or more compressed audio signals is largely homomorphic to a summation of two or more audio signals; and encrypting the at least one compressed audio signal using a homomorphic encryption algorithm to form at least one encrypted audio signal.

Various example embodiments relate generally to including cell measurements in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). A method of a first apparatus may, for example, comprising: identifying, in response to a triggered reporting event: at least one candidate cell measurement of a first type that does not meet reporting criteria; and at least one cell measurement of a second type that is other than the first type. The method may further comprise determining to include or not include in a Medium Access Control-Control Element, MAC-CE, measurement report, MR, at least some of the at least one candidate cell measurement of the first type based on at least one rule, and encoding a MAC-CE MR according to the determination for transmission to a second apparatus.

There is provided a user equipment comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to perform: obtaining a configuration related to reference signals, wherein the configuration indicates a first resource element, RE, pattern for a first type of RS for at least one first antenna port, wherein the configuration for the first RE pattern for the first type of RS for the at least one first antenna port indicates: i) a first number of REs for each antenna port per resource block, RB, ii) a first density level between RBs, and iii) a first number of symbols per slot. The user equipment is further caused to perform: based on the configuration, transmitting, to a network entity, a first physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH, wherein the at least one first antenna port for the first type of RS is configured with the first RE pattern in the first PUSCH.

There is inter alia disclosed an apparatus for spatial audio encoding configured to: determine, for two or more audio signals, a first spatial audio direction parameter and a second spatial audio direction parameter for providing spatial audio reproduction: transform the second spatial audio direction parameter to have an opposite spatial audio direction; determine a difference between the transformed second spatial audio direction parameter and the quantized first spatial audio direction parameter; and quantise the difference.

A method, apparatus, and computer program are described comprising: receiving an input; and determining a classification of the input using a machine learning model, the machine learning model comprising a local part and a collaboratively learned part, the determining comprising: determining extracted features of the input using a feature extractor of the collaboratively learned part, the feature extractor being caused to extract features of the input; determining a set of similarity scores using a prototype layer of the local part of the model, the prototype layer being caused to determine similarities between extracted features of the input and a set of trained prototypes of the prototype layer; and determining a classification of the input using a prototypical classifier of the local part of the model, the prototypical classifier being caused determine the classification based on the similarity scores.

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for UE capability signaling. In some example embodiment, there may be provided a user equipment comprising: means for receiving a registration accept message or a configuration update message comprising a first user equipment capability identifier associated with at least one user equipment capability and a first value; means for storing the first user equipment capability identifier associated with the at least one user equipment capability and the first value; means for receiving a subsequent configuration update message comprising a second user equipment capability identifier associated with one or more user equipment capabilities and a second value; and means for making a determination, based on a comparison of the first value with the second value, that the first user equipment capability identifier is stale or no longer valid.

Techniques for providing privacy features in communication systems are provided. For example, a message may be provided from user equipment to an element or function in a communication network that comprises one or more privacy indicators, where privacy features for processing the message are determined based on the privacy indicators. The message may comprise an attach request comprising a subscription identifier for a subscriber associated with the user equipment, with the privacy indicators comprising a flag indicating whether the subscription identifier in the attach request is privacy-protected. As another example, the element of function in the communication network may determine privacy features supported by the communication network and generate and send a message to user equipment comprising one or more privacy indicators selected based on the determined privacy features. The privacy indicators may comprise an indication of whether the communication network is configured for handling privacy-protected subscription identifiers.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an electronic device, a method, apparatus, a computer readable storage medium and a computer program product for an IMU encoder. In the solution, a pre-trained IMU encoder which is determined together with a plurality of modality encoders based on a multi-modality dataset may be obtained. A model output is further determined by inputting a model input into the pre-trained IMU encoder, wherein the model input is indicative of data being derived from one or more IMU sensors. In addition, the model output can be provided to a downstream task. As such, a plurality of modality encoders may be used for determining the pre-trained IMU encoder, thus multiple learning objectives may be incorporated in the pre-training process.