Stichting IMEC Nederland Patente

Example embodiments describe a computer-implemented methods for training a spiking neural network for encoding and decoding event information obtained from a set of sensors in an array-based sensing system. Further embodiments describe a neural network training system as well as a sensor and an edge gateway device employing such encoding and decoding spiking neural networks.

A receiver circuitry (100) for receiving power through wireless power transfer comprises: a power receiver (110) comprising a resonant circuit (112) and a first switch (126), and configured to store received energy through resonance, wherein the first switch (126) is in a closed state for build-up of energy in the resonant circuit (112) and in an open state for forcing output of a current from an output node (118); a second switch (128) configured in an open state to disconnect the output node (118) from a load (130) and in a closed state connect the output node (118) to the load (130); and a control unit (150) configured to control states of the first and second switches (126, 128) based on a relation of a number of resonance cycles to a cycle threshold value and on a relation of an amount of energy built up to an energy threshold value.

There is provided an apparatus for Raman spectroscopy comprising: a tunable laser configured to output laser light towards a sample for inducing Raman scattered light from the sample, wherein a wavelength of the laser light is tunable; a light collecting and filtering arrangement configured to collect the Raman scattered light in a collection angle from the sample, wherein the arrangement provides the Raman scattered light as incident light onto a narrow bandpass filter comprising a transmission band with a FWHM of 0.2 nm, and preferably 0.02 nm or less, and wherein an angle of incidence of the incident light is matched to a filter acceptance angle of the bandpass filter; and a light detector, configured to receive the Raman scattered light filtered by the arrangement and to detect the Raman scattered light. The apparatus is configured to scan the wavelength of the laser light and to detect the intensity of the Raman scattered light by the light detector for forming a Raman spectrum of the sample.

A neuro-synaptic processing circuitry (1) for performing event-based neuro-synaptic operations based on synaptic weights and neuron states, the circuitry comprising: a data memory (100) configured to store the synaptic weights; one or more neuron processing elements, NPEs, (121, 122, 123, 124) configurable to execute NPE instructions (120) for performing the event-based neuro-synaptic operations; a controller (130) configured to determine the event-based neuro-synaptic operations in function of one or more neuro-synaptic events; wherein the controller is further configured to generate the NPE instructions from the event-based neuro-synaptic operations; and weight-evaluating means configured to determine if one or more of the synaptic weights have a value of zero; and wherein, if the weight-evaluating means determines one or more of the synaptic weights having a value of zero, the NPEs are configured to omit executing one or more of the NPE instructions involving the one or more of the synaptic weights having a value of zero.

A computer-implemented method for estimating a Time of Arrival, ToA, or a distance between two wireless systems, based on a received signal communicated between the two wireless systems in a close-in multipath environment, wherein at least one signal is transmitted from a first of the wireless systems and signal resultants are received on a second of the wireless systems via different ports, the method comprising: obtaining a set of measurements on the signal resultants with respect to a timing reference; determining an aggregation-based metric based on an aggregation of the set of measurements; determining a selection-based metric based on a selection of a presumed earliest measurement among the set of measurements; and determining an overall ToA estimate or an overall distance estimate based on a combination of the aggregation-based metric and the selection-based metric.

An electrochemical sensor arrangement (100) for measuring a property of a fluid comprises: a first electrode (110) and a second electrode (120) arranged on a first surface (132) of a first layer (130); and readout circuitry (140) connected to the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120), wherein the readout circuitry (140) is formed at a second surface (134) of the first layer (130) opposite to the first surface (132) or at a substrate (142) separate from the first layer (130); wherein a second shape of the second electrode (120) completely encloses the first shape of the first electrode (110) with a spacing (114) being defined between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120); and wherein a first connection (136) between the first electrode (110) and the readout circuitry (140) comprises a first via (112) extending from the first electrode (110) through the first layer (130).

There is provided an apparatus (100, 200, 300, 400) for Raman light detection, said apparatus (100, 200, 300, 400) comprising: an illumination unit (112, 212, 312, 412), configured to provide a wavelength modulation for generating and outputting wavelength modulated laser light towards a sample (10) for inducing generation of Raman scattered light from the sample (10); a wavelength filter (122, 222, 322, 422) for filtering the Raman scattered light; and a light detector (130, 230, 330, 430), configured to receive the Raman scattered light filtered by the wavelength filter (122, 222, 322, 422) and to provide an instantaneous response signal dependent on an intensity of the received Raman scattered light.

According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided an ingestible device for analysis of the gastrointestinal tract, the ingestible device comprising: at least one sensor configured for sensing a biochemical parameter, wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate biochemical parameter data for identifying an anatomical localization of the ingestible device in the gastrointestinal tract, and a magnetic field sensor configured to receive an alternating magnetic field for generating spatial location data representing a spatial localization of the ingestible device, and wherein the ingestible device is configured to provide a combined localization of the ingestible device in the gastrointestinal tract based on the anatomical localization and the spatial localization.

A method for reducing motion artefacts in a speckle pattern signal comprises: illuminating (202) a region of a living being (10) by a light signal to form a speckle pattern; acquiring (204) a sequence of images of the region (12) of the living being (10); extracting (206) a speckle pattern signal from the acquired sequence of images to form a wave propagation signal representing a variation in time of a pressure wave or volumetric flow wave in the living being (10); acquiring (208) a motion compensation signal based on an optical measurement representing the region (12) of the living being (10), wherein the motion compensation signal represents a variation in time of motion of the living being (10); and performing (210) motion compensation of the wave propagation signal based on the motion compensation signal.

There is provided a device (100) for phase noise compensation for a frequency modulated continuous wave, FMCW, light detection and ranging, LIDAR, system (1000). Said device comprises:an optical interferometer (110) receiving a light signal from a source (210) of the LIDAR system, splitting the light signal into a first and a second light signal propagating in a first and a second path having a preset delay therebetween, and combining the light signals having passed the first and the second path,a detector (120) detecting the combined signals;a phase noise determination module (140) receiving the detected signal and determining a plurality of phase noise signals corresponding to phase noise signals of integer numbers of the preset delay; anda phase noise compensation module (150) processing a LIDAR response signal by compensating phase noise in the LIDAR response signal using the plurality of phase noise signals to form a combined compensated LIDAR response signal, and determining a fast Fourier transform of the compensated signal for a range of distances to the target encompassing all distances corresponding to the integer numbers of the preset delay.

According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a system (100) for measuring frequency of a light signal (112) from a chirped laser source (110), said system (100) comprising: an optical measurement unit (120) configured to receive at least a portion (114) of the light signal (112), and to output, via an optical hybrid coupler (122), at least two angle diversity signals (124) based on a difference between a first and second signal (114a, 114b) formed by splitting the at least portion (114) of the light signal (112), wherein the second signal (114b) is delayed relative to the first signal (114a), and wherein a pair of signals of the at least two angle diversity signals (124) have a fixed phase shift relative to each other; and a control unit (130) configured to: receive the at least two angle diversity signals (124), generate a complex signal, based on the at least two angle diversity signals (124), and determine an instantaneous phase of the complex signal for determining an instantaneous frequency of the light signal (112).

A method for pre-processing of images (10) for machine learning, comprises: receiving (102) images (10) to be pre-processed, wherein each image (10) represents information in an array of pixels providing spatial information of the image (10), wherein each pixel is represented by a plurality of light intensities in at least four different wavelength channels providing multi-spectral information; and forming (108) a histogram representation (16, 18) of each image (10) by determining a plurality of histogram values, wherein each histogram value represents a set of wavelengths and a set of light intensities and the histogram value corresponds to a number of pixels in the array being assigned to the set of light intensities for the set of wavelengths.

According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a laser system (100) for generating a frequency modulated continuous wave, FMCW, light signal (112), the system (100) comprising: a tunable laser (110) for generating the FMCW light signal (112); an optical measurement unit (120) configured to receive a portion (114) of the FMCW light signal (112), and to output, via an optical hybrid coupler (122), at least two angle diversity signals (124) based on a difference between a first and second signal (114a, 114b) formed by splitting the portion (114) of the FMCW light signal (112) wherein the second signal (114b) is delayed relative to the first signal (114a), wherein a pair of signals of the at least two angle diversity signals (124) have a fixed phase shift relative to each other; and a control unit (130) configured to: receive the at least two angle diversity signals (124) , estimate, based on the at least two angle diversity signals (124), a compensation needed for adjusting a non-linearity of a frequency chirp of the tunable laser (110), and output a corresponding control signal (132) to the tunable laser (110), wherein the control signal (132) is configured to improve a linearity of the frequency chirp.

There is provided a device (100) for phase noise compensation for a frequency modulated continuous wave, FMCW, light detection and ranging, LIDAR, system (1000), said device comprising:an optical interferometer (110) receiving a light signal from a source (210) of the LIDAR system, splitting the light signal into a first and a second light signal into a first and a second path having a preset delay therebetween, and combining the light signals having passed the first and the second path,a detector (120) detecting the combined light signals;a phase noise determination module (140) receiving the detected signal and determining a plurality of phase noise signals corresponding to integer numbers of the preset delay; anda phase noise compensation module (150) receiving and processing a LIDAR response signal in a plurality of branches, and for each branch, compensating phase noise in the LIDAR response signal using one of the phase noise signals, and determining a fast Fourier transform, FFT, of the compensated signal for a specific range of distances to a target, the branches being configured to determine the FFT for mutually unique ranges.

A system (100) for localization of an anatomical part in a subject comprises: an array of ultrasound transducers (110); a control unit (120) configured to activate a selected subset of at least one ultrasound transducer (110) for controlling the subset to assume a localization mode, wherein the at least one ultrasound transducer (110) is configured to transmit pulse(s) of ultrasound signals and detect the reflected pulse(s) for forming pulse echo data representing an ultrasound response for each pulse as a function of a time delay, wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to sequentially activate different selected subsets; a processing unit (130) configured to analyze the pulse echo data in relation to a characteristic pattern, and to identify one or more ultrasound transducers (110) being located to acquire pulse echo data representing the anatomical part for determining a location of the anatomical part in the subject.

According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a system for characterization of tissue of a subject, comprising a bioimpedance sensing arrangement, configured to sense an impedance of the tissue for forming impedance data, an optical property sensing arrangement, configured to sense an optical property of the tissue, a decision unit, configured to receive input data, process the input data to perform a characterization of the tissue, and estimate a confidence value for the characterization of the tissue, wherein the input data comprises the impedance data, and a control unit, configured to determine whether the confidence value subceeds a threshold and, based on the determination that the confidence value subceeds the threshold, activate the optical property sensing arrangement for acquiring further information for characterization of the tissue. According to another aspect, there is provided a method for controlling a system for characterization of tissue of a subject

The present disclosure provides a metastability detector (60) and a calibration method for ensuring synchronous data transfer in distributed synchronous systems (10). By providing a metastability detector (60) that integrates hardware adapted to, for reference signal patterns sent from first transceiver device to a second transceiver device, determine a metastability value based on deviations from the 50% duty cycle, and by providing a calibration method that adjust clock phases of generated signal patterns based on metastability values determined by measuring deviations from the 50% duty cycle, embodiments of the present disclosure can ensure reliable, high-speed data transfer with minimal synchronization issues in distributed synchronous systems (10). The approach may further account for variations over time and because of operating conditions, thereby maintaining optimal performance of data transfer in distributed synchronous systems (10).

Digital phase-locked loop, DPLL, comprising: a time-to-digital converter, TDC, configured to generate a digital phase signal indicative of a phase difference between a reference signal and a feedback signal; a digitally controlled oscillator, DCO, configured to generate an output signal based on a control signal, wherein the output signal of the DCO is fed back as the feedback signal to the TDC; and a digital loop filter, DLF, configured to process the digital phase signal to generate the control signal for the DCO, wherein the DLF includes a noise cancellation path, or digital noise cancellation block, configured to generate a noise cancellation signal for suppressing DCO phase noise based on the digital phase signal.

A device (100) for controlling a thermo-optical phase shifter, TOPS, (202; 302) is provided, said device (100) comprising: a driving circuit (110) providing power to the TOPS (202; 302) by toggling between an on state outputting maximum power and an off state outputting minimum power, wherein a toggling scheme controls an effective power; and a controller (120) generating a modulation signal for controlling the toggling scheme and comprising a pre-distortion module (122) for determining an initial portion of the modulation signal for bringing the temperature of the TOPS (202; 302) from a first level corresponding to a first effective power of the driving circuit (110) to a second level corresponding to a second effective power of the driving circuit (110), wherein the pre-distortion module (122) determines the initial portion based on a non-linear function of the first effective power, the second effective power, and the maximum or minimum power.

A system for controlling selective stimulation of neural tissue of a subject is provided. Said system comprises a first electrode arrangement, comprising a plurality of electrodes, configured to be arranged in in relation to a first longitudinal position of the neural tissue, a second electrode arrangement, comprising at least one electrode and configured to be arranged at a second longitudinal position of the neural tissue, and a stimulation signal generating unit. The stimulation signal generating unit is configured to generate a first intermittent current waveform comprising a first pulse and a second intermittent current waveform comprising a second pulse, for causing interferential stimulation of a plurality of nerve fibers of the neural tissue. The stimulation signal generating unit is further configured to generate and output a blocking pulse to the second electrode arrangement, for temporally selectively blocking propagation of signals through the neural tissue at the second longitudinal position.

A method (100) for wafer-scale fabrication of a non-cytotoxic reference electrode for various types of sensors, including electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and other devices used for analyte sensing is provided. The method comprises the steps of forming (101) at least one electrode on a substrate, forming (102) one or more metal or metal oxide layers on top of the at least one electrode, functionalizing (103) the one or more metal or metal oxide layers, providing (104) a membrane on top of the one or more metal or metal oxide layers to confine ions diffused from the one or more metal or metal oxide layers, forming (105) a reservoir on top of the membrane, filling (106) the reservoir with a reference electrolyte, and providing (107) at least one sensor inside the reservoir being in contact with the reference electrolyte to measure a total ion concentration and/or a specific ion concentration and/or a temperature of the reference electrolyte, enabling correction for sensor drift.

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A dialysis device (100) comprises: a dialyzer for exchange of substances between a blood flow and a dialysate flow in a dialysis area (106) of the dialyzer, wherein the dialyzer comprises a dialyzer membrane (110) for passing toxins in the blood flow to the dialysate flow through pores (112) of the dialyzer membrane (110); and a capacitively coupled generator (120) for generating electromagnetic fields in the dialysis area (106) for loosening electrostatic bonds between toxins and proteins in the blood flow, wherein the generator (120) is capacitively coupled to the blood flow and to the dialysate flow on opposite sides of the dialyzer membrane, and wherein the dialysate membrane (110) is formed of a material having lower conductance than blood and dialysate such that a large electromagnetic field strength is provided across the pores (112) of the dialyzer membrane (110).

A method for controlling a stimulation signal (208) for brain stimulation comprises: transmitting (302) a trigger signal for triggering a stimulation generator (120) to output a high frequency synchronization signal (202) exhibiting periodical modifications (204); receiving (304) a measurement signal representing brain activity comprising neural oscillations and a response to the high frequency synchronization signal (202); determining (306) adjustment of a phase of the stimulation signal (208) based on a phase difference between the neural oscillations and the modifications (204) of the high frequency synchronization signal (202); and transmitting (308) a phase information signal for providing information of an adjusted phase of the stimulation signal (208) to be used by the stimulation generator (120).

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A circuitry (10) for recording a biological electrical signal comprises: a signal recording input (100) for receiving the biological electrical signal; a signal recording amplifier (110) for providing an amplified biological electrical signal at an output node (111); a sampling circuit (120) having an input node (121) connected to the output node (111) and configured to sample the amplified biological electrical signal; a feedback integrator (130) connected to the input node (121) and configured to provide a feedback signal into the signal recording amplifier (110), and to subtract a DC offset from the amplified biological electrical signal; a switch (140) for selectively disconnecting the output (111) from the input node (121); and a stimulation artefact detection block (150) for detecting a stimulation artefact; wherein the switch (140) is configured to receive a control signal dependent on detection of a stimulation artefact affecting recording of the biological electrical signal.

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A system (200) for analog-to-digital signal conversion is provided. The system comprises an analog input signal (201), a digital-to-analog converter (202) configured to generate a reference signal (203), and an amplifier (206) configured to amplify an error signal comprising a difference between the analog input signal (201) and the reference signal (203). The system further comprises a level-crossing based sampling circuit (220) comprising a first comparator (214) configured to compare the error signal with respect to a first reference level, and a second comparator (215) configured to compare the error signal with respect to a second reference level, thereby generating event-based reset signals (221) corresponding to a plurality of sampling instances in order to reset the digital-to-analog converter (202) and further to shift the first reference level and the second reference level through the digital-to-analog converter (202). Moreover, the system comprises a trigger circuit (223) configured to generate reset signals (224) asynchronous to the event-based reset signals (221) in order to reset the digital-to-analog converter (202).

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According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method for manufacturing a membrane with through-going pores, the method comprising: controlling starting points for the through-going pores by forming indents on a surface of a semiconductor substrate using a dry-etch process or by applying a mask on the surface of the semiconductor substrate comprising openings in the mask; forming the pores, at locations of the starting points, through the semiconductor substrate using electrochemical etching, wherein the electrochemical etching through the semiconductor substrate selectively starts at the starting points.

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