The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Diseases (e.g., cancer) of a particular organ can be detected by analyzing cell-free DNA. Some embodiments may use an organ-associated sample that is from a particular organ or passes through the particular organ, as may occur, for example, in urine, saliva, blood, and stool samples. In some embodiments, methylation levels of cell-free DNA can be measured in a sample. Tissue-specific methylation patterns can be used to determine fractional contributions from different tissue types. In other embodiments, sizes of organ-associated cell-free DNA can be measured. A statistical measure of the size profile may indicate that cell-free DNA fragments are collectively longer than expected for subjects with healthy tissue compared to non-healthy tissue. In other embodiments, two different samples can be analyzed to determine whether a particular organ has cancer. Cell-free DNA in a blood sample and organ-associated sample can both be analyzed to identify chromosomal regions exhibiting a copy number aberration.

Electrolyte compositions and materials are provided to facilitate stable cycling of the LiNi<0.8>Mn<0.1>Co<0.1>O<2> // graphite batteries under the 4.7 V conditions. The electrolyte composition includes LiPF<6>, DEC and MPIE at a mole ratio of 1: 3.94: 6.11 with the 4.67% addition of FEC (denoted as s-DEC MPIE). The inherent nonflammability of the electrolyte due to the fluorinated ether boosts the safety performance of Ah-level lithium-ion pouch cells, ensuring pouch cells passing stringent nail-penetration tests and elevating the thermal runaway temperature by 20 °C in accelerating rate calorimeter tests. The electrolyte composition demonstrates good industry compatibility and greatly improves the ultra-high voltage stability and safety performance from material level to practical Ah pouch cell level.

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