Nokia Solutions and Networks Patente

The present subject matter relates to a method comprising using a first motion model of motion of a mobile device to determine a current state, referred to as a first state estimate, of the mobile device using a primary pose estimate of the mobile device; determining at least one of: a secondary pose estimate of the mobile device using first sensor measurements or a first reference state estimate using a reference motion model and the primary pose estimate; determining a first estimation error of the first state estimate using at least one of: the secondary pose estimate or the first reference state estimate; and based on the first estimation error: triggering an update of the primary pose estimate for using the updated primary pose estimate for a next execution of the method.

Described herein is a first network node, of a network having a plurality of network nodes, wherein the first network node includes one or more sensing capabilities of an event type and/or a coverage area that the first network node is able to detect; wherein the first network node is a network digital twin, NDT, and wherein the first network node comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network node at least to: receive, from a second network node, a sensing intent, which is used to indicate to the first network node to detect an event within the coverage area and within a time window, wherein the event corresponds to the event type of which the first network node includes one or more sensing capabilities; perform, detection of an occurrence of an event indicated in the sensing intent, based on the sensing capabilities of the first network node; and send, to the second network node, a sensing report based on the detection.

Method, comprising receiving a connection request to connect a user to an application, wherein, if the user is connected to the application, a plurality of users are connected to the application; providing an orchestration request for an orchestration policy for the application and the plurality of users to an orchestration entity, wherein the orchestration request indicates that each user is or is to be connected to the application, the orchestration request comprises for each of the users a location of the respective user and a QoS requirement of the application; receiving the orchestration policy from the orchestration entity, wherein the orchestration policy indicates one or more deployment locations to deploy the application such that the QoS requirement is sufficiently fulfilled; deploying the application at one of the deployment locations; informing the user or an application function of a network serving the user how to access the application.

An integrated circuit includes a substrate having a main surface and an electrical transmission line extending along the main surface. The electrical transmission line includes a metallic travelling wave electrode (TWE) having a lengthwise sequence of spaced apart openings absent of the metallic material. The substrate has cavities under at least some of the openings. In an example implementation, the TWE is a middle electrode of an electrical transmission line driving an MZM, and the cavities in the substrate extend under side electrodes of the transmission line.

In a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) clock-distribution system, each transparent clock (TC) along a link between a time transmitter (TT) and a time receiver (TR) is able to increment a stepsRemoved field of a PTP message that traverses the TC, such that, at the receiving node of the PTP message (e.g., the TR for certain sync, follow-up, and delay-response messages and the TT for certain delay-request messages), the stepsRemoved field indicates the number of transparent clocks (TC) along the link between the TT and the TR. The information may be used to prioritize certain links over others.

Disclosed is a method comprising determining in accordance with a modulation scheme a candidate set of soft bit blocks representing at least part of the data, wherein an application of each geometric transformation operation of a set of geometric transformation operations to a corresponding subset of the set of constellation points or to the set of constellation points, preserves the shape of the modulation constellation but results in representing different data, for each geometric transformation operation of the set of geometric transformation operations, modifying according to the geometric transformation operation corresponding soft bit blocks of the candidate set of soft bit blocks resulting in another candidate set of soft bit blocks, and selecting from the candidate sets of soft bit blocks the candidate set of soft bit blocks that likely represents the at least part of the data.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for use by a coherent receiver, comprising means for: obtaining a first set of coefficients (A+ ) indicating a first adaptive filter (A) configured to reduce at least part of polarization mode dispersion in an equalizer of the coherent receiver and a second set of coefficients (w+ ) indicating a second adaptive filter (w) configured to reduce at least part of the inter-symbol interference in the equalizer of the coherent receiver, determining a first updated set of coefficients (A++ ) and a second updated set of coefficients (w++ ) based on the first set of coefficients (A+ ) and the second set of coefficients (w+ ), wherein the gains of the first updated set of coefficients (A++ ) have a predetermined level, and wherein, the output of the equalizer based on the first set of coefficients (A+ ) and the second set of coefficients (w+ ) is approximately same as the output of the equalizer based on the first updated set of coefficients (A++ ) and the second updated set of coefficients (w++ ), providing the first updated set of coefficients (A++ ) and the second updated set of coefficients (w++ ) to the first filter and the second filter respectively.

Examples of the disclosure relate to semiconductor chips and methods of forming semiconductor chips. The chips comprise multiple integrated circuit layers arranged in a stack and a cooling channel positioned between integrated circuit layers. The cooling channel is bounded by at least two walls and configured to enable a cooling fluid to provide cooling of electronic and/or photonic components on the integrated circuit layers. The walls comprise a first bonding material arranged on a first edge of the walls, for bonding the first edges of the walls to the first integrated circuit layer. The walls also comprise a second bonding material arranged on a second edge of the walls, for bonding the second edges of the walls to the second integrated circuit layer.

Example embodiments describe an optical network node (270) configured to communicate in a passive optical network, PON (100); wherein the optical network node is configured to receive a stream (210) of forward error correction, FEC, codewords (211) respectively comprising at least a portion of one or more frames (220); wherein the respective frames comprise a header (222, 228) and a payload (223, 229); and wherein the optical network node is configured to perform:- identifying (201) idle frames (221) within the respective FEC codewords (211) of the stream (210) of FEC codewords;- for FEC codewords (211) that comprise at least a portion of one or more idle frames (221) , replacing (202, 241) at least a portion of the idle payloads (223) of the idle frames with a predetermined idle pattern (242); and- thereafter, FEC decoding (203, 245) the stream of FEC codewords with the replaced idle payloads (244).

Various example embodiments of an emergency notification capability are presented. The emergency notification capability may be configured to support use of an Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) platform to provide emergency notification services for a predefined user group including a first user who initiates an emergency call and other users which receive corresponding emergency notifications based on the emergency call. The delivery of emergency notifications to the other users of the predefined user group may include delivery of emergency notifications to one or more other users directly via the IMS platform (e.g., within the IMS platform and/or based on interfacing between the IMS platform and other notification platforms) and/or delivery of emergency notifications to one or more other users indirectly via a customer premises gateway device of the first user who initiates the emergency call (e.g., the customer premises gateway device receives and initiates delivery of the emergency notifications).

The present invention discloses an apparatus (200) for use by a coherent receiver, comprising means for: obtaining a first set of coefficients (w⁺, A⁺⁺) indicating a first filter (w, A) in an adaptive equalizer of the coherent receiver, wherein the first filter (w, A) is an adaptive Multi-Input Multi-Output, MIMO, filter with N taps in each branch, wherein N is an integer number; determining a further set of coefficients (f_xx, f_yx, f_xy, f_yy) indicating a MIMO filter with a single tap in each branch based on the first set of coefficients (w⁺, A⁺⁺); determining a first matrix (F) based on the further set of coefficients (f_xx, f_yx, f_xy, f_yy); orthogonalizing the first matrix (F), thereby obtaining an orthogonalized matrix (Q); determining a state-of-polarization based on at least part of the orthogonalized matrix (Q).

An apparatus comprising a first antenna system, a second antenna system, a first isolation structure arranged between the first antenna system and the second antenna system for suppressing a propagation of electromagnetic waves between the first antenna system and the second antenna system, and a second isolation structure arranged between the first antenna system and the second antenna system for suppressing a propagation of electromagnetic waves between the first antenna system and the second antenna system, wherein the second isolation structure is arranged at least partially over the first isolation structure.

Disclosed is a method comprising collecting (401, 502) a labelled dataset (324) for fine-tuning a machine-learning-based language model (322), wherein the labelled dataset (324) comprises multiple pairs of uplink radio resource control messages and corresponding downlink radio resource control messages; and fine-tuning (402, 603) the machine-learning-based language model (322) based on the labelled dataset (324) for processing the uplink radio resource control messages and generating the corresponding downlink radio resource control messages.

Disclosed is a method comprising collecting at least one of: radio measurement information or location information associated with a plurality of wireless access points; determining, per pair of wireless access points from the plurality of wireless access points, an electromagnetic attenuation between the pair of wireless access points; comparing, per pair of wireless access points from the plurality of wireless access points, the electromagnetic attenuation between the pair of wireless access points to a pre-defined isolation threshold; grouping the plurality of wireless access points into one or more groups based on the comparison and based on the pre-defined isolation threshold; and, based on determining that the number of wireless access points in a group exceeds a pre-defined limit, repeating the comparing and the grouping for splitting the group into two or more subgroups by lowering the pre-defined isolation threshold.

An apparatus and a method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), wherein a first OFDM symbol (202) comprises a first part at a beginning of the first OFDM symbol (202) and a last part at an end of the first OFDM symbol (202), wherein a second OFDM symbol (204) comprises a first part at a beginning of the second OFDM symbol (204) and a last part at an end of the second OFDM symbol (204), wherein the method comprises choosing samples from the last part of the first OFDM symbol (202) and the first part of the second OFDM symbol (204), converting the samples (202, 204) into frequency-domain samples, multiplying the frequency-domain samples by a frequency-domain window to determine windowed samples in the frequency domain, converting the windowed samples in the frequency domain into time-domain samples in the time domain, multiplying the time-domain samples with a time-domain window (400) to determine samples for a boundary, multiplying the time-domain samples with a complementary window (402) of the time-domain window (400) to determine complementary-windowed time-domain samples, determining a result of overlapping the complementary-windowed time domain-samples and the samples and adding the complementary-windowed time-domain samples and the samples in the boundary.

A network device is configured to obtain an interference constraint defined for an operational area of at least one device providing service to be protected from interference caused by at least one base station serving one or more user devices, a data set of channel samples associated with the operational area of the at least one device, and a data set of channel samples associated with the one or more user devices in a serving area of the at least one base station. Based on the obtained information, the network device is configured to determine, with a neural network, at least one parameter to be used by the at least one base station in beamforming, wherein the neural network is configured to determine the at least one parameter such that at least one key performance indicator in the serving area is maximized based on the channel samples of the one or more user devices while the interference constraint in the operational area is met based on the channel samples associated with the operational area.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, devices, methods and storage media for wireless connection. A first apparatus receives a device discovery request from a first terminal device associated with the first apparatus, wherein the device discovery request comprises a first address associated with the first terminal device. The first apparatus broadcasts the device discovery request. The first apparatus receives a discovery response from a second apparatus for the device discovery request, the discovery response comprising the first address and a second address associated with the second terminal device. The first apparatus forwards the discovery response to the first terminal device based on the first address.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for use by an optical network unit, ONU, communicatively connected to an Optical Line Terminal, OLT, comprising means for: configuring a first operation parameter of a first laser (Tx) to be a reference value (T_Tx,ref), thereby the emission frequency of the first laser (Tx) is aligned to a frequency of a downstream signal; determining a target value (T_Tx) of the first operation parameter of the first laser (Tx) based on: a predetermined deviation (ΔT_Tx=T_Tx-T_Tx,ref) between the target value (T_Tx) and the reference value (T_Tx,ref), and the reference value of the first operation parameter (T_Tx,ref); configuring the first operation parameter of the first laser (Tx) to be the target value, thereby the emission frequency of the first laser (Tx) is aligned to a predetermined frequency for an upstream signal; transmitting upstream signals to the OLT by modulating the output of the first laser (TX).

A method performed by a base station to implement Delay Critical-Guaranteed Bit Rate Quality of Service (DC-GBR QoS) support is provided. Then method includes (i) receiving, at layer 2 (L2) protocol level, QoS flows from upper layer protocol, (ii) mapping the QoS flows to Data Radio Bearers (DRB) from one or more DRB profiles, (iii) processing the QoS flows according to the DRB at the L2 protocol level to establish a priority path to transfer prioritized data packets of the QoS flows and (iv) transporting the QoS flows to a Layer 1 (L1) protocol level. The prioritized data packets include Maximum Data Burst Volume (MDBV) compliant data packets and Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR) compliant data packets.

A dual-wavelength light source includes a laser cavity and a tunable intra-cavity optical filter. The intra-cavity optical filter is implementable as an integrated photonic circuit and includes two serially coupled dual-ring resonators of different ring lengths. Each dual-ring resonator has a comb-like transmission spectrum including a sequence of tunable dual-peak transmission subbands. In operation, different dual-peak transmission subbands of the respective dual-ring resonators may be aligned using optical phase shifters to provide a tunable dual-peak passband of the inter-cavity optical filter. The peak-to-peak separation of the passband may be tuned by tuning optical coupling between the rings of the respective dual-ring resonator.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: Obtaining a plurality of precoding vectors. Obtaining a set of radiated power measurement values, each radiated power measurement value within the set of radiated power measurement values corresponding to an angle pair within a set of angle pairs and to a precoding vector within the plurality of precoding vectors. Training a machine learning model to output a set of prediction vectors for predicting radiated power values from an input of the set of angle pairs, using training data comprising the set of radiated power measurement values as a ground truth and the plurality of precoding vectors.

An apparatus may transmit (301), to a network device, capability information on radio frequency bandwidth capability of the apparatus, occupied bandwidth capability of the apparatus, and instantaneous bandwidth capability of the apparatus. The apparatus may receive (302), from the network device, a measurement configuration requesting the apparatus to perform measurements on incumbent signal characteristics. The apparatus may switch (303) to the measurement configuration and perform measurements on the incumbent signal characteristics in accordance with the measurement configuration.

Devices, methods and computer programs for initial access in wireless networks with reduced likelihood of detection are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow a user device -sided initial access in wireless networks with reduced likelihood of detection without a need for any modifications to the user device, and thus without a need for an additional or auxiliary user device attached to an existing user device for bypassing these modifications.

In certain embodiments involving a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) time transmitter connected to a PTP time receiver over a link aggregation group (LAG), the receiver uses a table of delay values to compensate for differences in average transmission delay over the different LAG links when synchronizing its local clock with the transmitter's reference clock. When a LAG link is added or changed, the transmitter and receiver perform a link-delay-calibration operation to calculate the delay to be used for subsequent synchronization operations.

An apparatus and a method for multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) precoding, wherein the method comprises providing a first input matrix (210) representing a first channel matrix for a first user equipment (UE), wherein the first input matrix (210) comprises patches (212), wherein the patches (212) of the first input matrix (210) comprise elements, determining for the patches (212) of the first input matrix (210) respectively a first common encoding (214) of the elements of the respective patch (212) of the first input matrix (210), mapping at least the first common encodings (214) to a first output matrix (218).

In certain embodiments involving a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) time transmitter connected to a PTP time receiver over a link aggregation group (LAG), the receiver suspends normal LAG processing during PTP clock-sync operations to ensure that a PTP Delay-Request message is transmitted to the transmitter over the same LAG link used by the transmitter to transmit the corresponding PTP Sync message to the receiver in order to avoid errors resulting from different LAG links having different average transmission delays.

In some examples, a method for partitioning an area of interest, AOI, for wireless network performance analysis is provided, whereby to enable wireless network service assurance for mission-critical business operations.

Described herein is a client device, configured to provide a user service and to establish communication with a server device for providing a Digital Twin Machine Learning, ML, Model training service for said client device, comprising: at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the client device at least to: receive, from the server device, a plurality of models for providing estimation for at least one parameter associated with the user service; apply, for each of the received plurality of models, data at the client device associated with the user service to a model evaluation function, and determine, for the each model, a corresponding model evaluation value for indicating performance of the each model in providing estimation for said at least one parameter associated with the user service; obtain, from the server device, an indicator for indicating a model selected by the server device for the client device among the received plurality of models based on all of the determined model evaluation values for the received plurality of models; train and/or update the selected model based on said data at the client device associated with the user service; and send, to the server device, information relating to the trained and/or updated selected model for the server device to further update the selected model.

Disclosed is an apparatus and a method comprising receiving configuration information that at least indicates, for at least one beam in the cell, a periodicity of a first transmission power and a second transmission power in the cell, wherein the first transmission power is lower than the second transmission power, obtaining cell measurement results, applying the configuration information to determine whether cell measurement results are obtained during a first transmission power period or during the second transmission power period, and modifying measurement results obtained during at least one of the first transmission power period or the second transmission power period to compensate the transmission power difference.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a device, method, apparatus for communication, and computer-readable storage medium. A method for communication includes: transmitting, by a first device to a second device, a request for channel measurement coordination, the request at least indicating that the first device expects to perform coordinated channel measurement for a plurality of channels associated with a target bandwidth within a target time period; based on receiving, from the second device, a response to the request indicating that the coordinated channel measurement can be performed within the target time period, triggering the coordinated channel measurement for the plurality of channels to be performed by at least the first device and the second device; and exchanging a result of the coordinated channel measurement with the second device.

Various example embodiments of a cellular - wireless local area network (WLAN) radio access network (RAN) convergence (CWRC) capability are presented. The CWRC capability may be configured to support architectural and procedural solutions for enabling Layer 2 (L2) convergence between cellular and WLAN access within the RAN.

Disclosed is a method comprising generating an indication indicating a switching mode to be applied at a user equipment for uplink transmit switching, wherein the switching mode is based at least on a predicted throughput of the user equipment on a primary cell and on one or more secondary cells of the user equipment; and transmitting the indication to the user equipment.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, apparatus, device, and computer-readable storage medium for communication. A method for communication includes: configuring, at a terminal device, at least one frequency conversion component with at least one respective first reference frequency value, the at least one frequency conversion component being configured for frequency conversion between a physical transmission medium and an air interface, the physical transmission medium being disposed between the terminal device and a network device; in response to detecting a first cell by a frequency scan, receiving, from the network device, first system information of the first cell through the physical transmission medium, the first system information indicating a logical frequency of the first cell; and determining at least one respective first target frequency value of the at least one frequency conversion component based on the at least one respective first reference frequency value of the at least one frequency conversion component and the logical frequency of the first cell, the first target frequency value being configured to perform the frequency conversion for the first cell.

The present subject matter relates to a method for determining a position of a device using a set of anchor nodes comprising: providing a set of initial ranges in time or space between the set of anchor nodes and the device; executing one or more times a position determination operation, the position determination operation comprising: determining a first set of initial ranges; estimating a first position of the device using the first set of initial ranges; estimating a second position of the device using a second set of initial ranges; providing either the first position or the second position as the device's position based on fulfillment of an estimation position improvement criterion; wherein the second set of initial ranges is the first set of initial ranges being reduced by one initial range, wherein the position determination operation is executed until the provision of the position.

Apparatus and method of anomaly classification. In an embodiment, the apparatus performs binary classification of data samples in a dataset to classify the data samples into a normal group or an anomalous group, performs multiclass classification to classify the data samples of the anomalous group into anomaly classes, and identifying a set of the data samples in the anomalous group as false positives resulting from the binary classification when the multiclass classification fails to classify the data samples of the first set into one of the anomaly classes.

An apparatus, comprising: a transmit antenna array comprising a plurality of transmit antenna array elements; a receive antenna array comprising a plurality of receive antenna array elements; a suppression antenna array comprising a plurality of suppression antenna array elements; and a signal generator configured to generate suppression antenna array element drive signals for the suppression antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of receive antenna array elements from the plurality of transmit antenna array elements.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for use by a pathfinding device, comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain a first set of nodes of a polygon indicating a first Permitted-Moving - Zone, PMZ, wherein, the first PMZ is not overlapping with any other PMZs; determine a group of Non-permitted-Moving-Zones, NMZs, that lies within the first PMZ or intersects with the first PMZ as its relevant NMZs; and determine a visibility graph for the first PMZ based on its relevant NMZs.

An apparatus, comprising: a first antenna array comprising a plurality of first antenna array elements configured to transmit signals comprising encoded data in a first frequency band; a second antenna array comprising a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive signals comprising encoded data in the first frequency band; a third antenna array comprising a plurality of third antenna array elements; a suppression signal generator configured to generate first suppression drive signals in the first frequency band for the third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements in the first frequency band from the plurality of first antenna array elements; and a transceiver coupled with the third antenna array and configured to convey signals comprising encoded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band differs from the first frequency band.

A layered semiconductor structure comprises: an InP on Silicon, InPoSi, substrate. The InPoSi substrate comprises: a silicon substrate; a silica layer on the silicon substrate; and an InP seed layer on the silica layer; a stack of III-V layers on the InPoSi substrate. The stack of III-V layers comprises a buffer layer above the InP seed layer. The buffer layer is made of In<y>Al<1-y>As, y being smaller than or equal to 0.53.

Apparatuses and methods for controlling electromagnetic field exposure are presented. Angular spread of a radio channel is determined (300), where the determined angular spread is configured for use by a transmission point for transmission. Based on the determined angular spread, the beamwidth is selected (302) in at least one of an azimuth or an elevation direction of an antenna arrangement configured for use with the transmission point for transmission of the radio channel.