Nokia Solutions and Networks Patente

An antenna array of frequency-independent phase shifters may be configured to provide band-specific beamforming over a plurality of operating bands by determining, based on a first frequency allocation on a first operating band with first angular directions, at least a second frequency allocation on a second operating band with a second angular directions, so that a first set of predefined requirements comprising at least beamforming requirements on frequency allocations and angular directions are met on all operating bands, determining beamforming weights, and configuring the antenna array to apply the beamforming weights.

Disclosed is an apparatus for computationally intensive applications, such as information technology applications requiring computational power. Disclosed is an apparatus arranged to provide an analog signal to at least one input of an analog compute-in-memory resistive matrix comprised in said apparatus, and to receive a digital signal from at least one direct-drive analog-to-digital converter in the output of said at least one analog compute-in-memory resistive matrix.

Method comprisingdetermining, in a trusted execution environment, values of hyperparameters of a machine learning model based on private data stored in the trusted execution environment, wherein the hyperparameters include system-specific hyperparameters and model-specific hyperparameters;training, in the trusted execution environment, the machine learning model to which the determined values of the system-specific and model-specific hyperparameters are applied to obtain, after one or more epochs of training, a sufficiently trained machine learning model;outputting the sufficiently trained machine learning model from the trusted execution environment; and,inhibiting output of the determined values of the system-specific hyperparameters from the trusted execution environment, whereinthe system-specific hyperparameters are not accessible in the outputted sufficiently trained machine learning model.

The present invention discloses an apparatus, comprising means for: obtaining a received signal (x) from a plurality of Optical Network Units, ONUs (121, 122,123) connected to the OLT, wherein the received signal comprises at least a desired signal (d) originating from a first ONU (121); determining a magnitude (b) of the desired signal (d) based on the received signal; adjusting an equalizer based on the magnitude (b) of the desired signal (d); equalizing the received signal (x) using the equalizer, thereby obtaining an equalized signal (z) corresponding to an estimate of desired signal (d); providing the equalized signal (z) for further processing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, an apparatus and a computer readable medium for automatically measuring a service interruption time of a point-to-point or multipoint Ethernet service during path switchover. In the method, the first apparatus detects, based on a continuity check message (CCM) set, at least one loss of continuity defect (dLOC) associated with a service interruption of an Ethernet service, and then determine a first timestamp indicating a raise time of a first dLOC among the at least one dLOC, and a second timestamp indicating a clear time of a last dLOC among the at least one dLOC. Then, the first apparatus sends the first timestamp and the second timestamp to a second apparatus. A second apparatus determines a service interruption time of a multipoint Ethernet service based on at least one first timestamp and at least one second timestamp received from a plurality of first apparatuses. Alternatively, an apparatus detects a loss of continuity defect (dLOC) or a remote defect indication defect (dRDI) based on a CCM set, and determines a first timestamp indicating a start of a service interruption, and a second timestamp indicating an end of the service interruption, to determine a service interruption time of a multi-point Ethernet service.

An apparatus, such as an E2 node, may transmit (501), to a near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller, in an RIC assistance service request message, an indication on a machine learning training RIC assistance service requested by the E2 node from the near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller. The apparatus may receive (502), from the near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller, in a RIC assistance service response message, an indication on a download location, or on uploading to an upload location provided by the apparatus in the RIC assistance service request message, of a trained machine learning model trained for the apparatus by an internal application, xApp, or a platform service of the near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller.

The subject disclosure introduces the concept of using an overlay protocol embedded in a network control protocol. In various embodiments, an embedded overlay protocol message can be carried as the payload in a network control protocol packet sent from one network device to another. Various embodiments provide methods and apparatus for preparing and sending a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol as well as methods and apparatus for receiving and processing a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol. Embodiments disclosed herein have a variety of different applications including, among other things, as a generic solution that can efficiently determine the overall, end-to-end latency of almost any network control protocol.

Apparatus and method of implementing a dual-purpose sound system. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a first stage comprising a master volume controller configured to perform volume control of audio signals for audio channels of a sound system to generate variable-volume audio signals for the audio channels, and a second stage comprising an audio mixer configured to mix the variable-volume audio signals for a target set of the audio channels with fixed-volume ultrasonic signals for localization to generate at least two combined audio/ultrasonic signals configured for output to loudspeakers of the sound system corresponding with the target set of the audio channels.

Various embodiments provide methods and apparatus for transporting a vendor-proprietary protocol comprising vendor-proprietary protocol packets over Internet Protocol (IP). The vendor-proprietary protocol can be transported over IP by encapsulating the vendor-proprietary protocol packets in IP headers such that the vendor-proprietary protocol packets are carried as the payload of IP packets. A vendor-proprietary protocol indicator can be encoded into the IP header to indicate that the payload of the IP packet comprises a vendor-proprietary protocol packet and a Vendor Unique Protocol Number tuple comprising a vendor identification indicator and a vendor protocol identification indicator can be added as an IP header extension to uniquely distinguish the vendor-proprietary protocol from other vendor-proprietary protocols that may also be running over the same network.

An apparatus for monitoring the intensity of optical backscattering along an optical fiber line comprises an optical sensor for interrogating the optical fiber line with coherent light. The optical sensor comprises a laser and a laser controller. The optical sensor splits light from the laser into probe light and reference light, couples modulated probe light into the optical fiber line and makes measurements on a superposition of the reference light and light returned from the optical fiber line by optical backscattering. The optical sensor estimates a backscattering intensity profile along said optical fiber line based on said measurements. The laser controller adjusts a wavelength of the laser based at least in part on mismatch between at least a portion of the backscattering intensity profile and a reference profile.

Described herein is a communication node, configured to process a communication between a sender application and a receiver application, the communication node comprising: at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the communication node at least to: mark one or more of a plurality of packets received from the sender application, wherein the remaining unmarked packets have an arriving data rate at the communication node that is not greater than a target serving data rate of the communication node processing arrived packets; and send, to the receiver application, the plurality of packets and a corresponding marking indication, wherein the marking indication is intended to inform the sender application of the marked one or more packets, wherein the communication node is further configured to adapt at least one marking-related parameter for marking the one or more packets by: measuring a current value of at least one adaptation parameter associated with at least one packet received and/or at least one packet marked in a current time interval; determining a derived smoothed value of the at least one adaptation parameter for a next time interval based on a combination of the measured current value of the at least one adaptation parameter in the current time interval and a previous value of the at least one adaptation parameter derived and smoothed in a previous time interval for the current time interval; and adapting a value of the at least one marking-related parameter in the next time interval based on the derived smoothed value of the at least one adaptation parameter for the next time interval.

Embodiments herein disclose a method performed by a first apparatus, the method comprising inputting, to a power allocation model employed by the first apparatus, an initial dataset comprising user data and constraints relating to power allocation in a system. The method comprises inputting to the power allocation model a classification of each constraint as a soft constraint or a hard constraint. The method comprises training the power allocation model to generate, using an optimization solver, a solution for the power allocation, based on the constraints in the initial dataset.

Examples of the disclosure relate to obtaining data from a smart energy sensor connected to at least one of: an energy generating device, an energy consuming entity; and an energy storage device within a household; determining a feature vector based on the obtained data, wherein, the feature vector comprises information related to at least one of: energy generation, energy consumption, energy surplus at the household; determining an embedding based on the feature vector, wherein the embedding is suitable for a comparison across a plurality of households for clustering the households.

According to an aspect, an apparatus may comprise a digital pre-distorter, DPD, circuitry including at least one first-order infinite impulse response, IIR, filter and at least one second-order IIR filter. The apparatus may further comprise a power amplifier, at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to compensate for non-linearities in the power amplifier by using the at least one first-order IIR filter and the at least one second-order IIR filter.

An apparatus comprising: at least a first wireless communication interface and a second wireless communication interface, wherein the first and second wireless communication interfaces are configured to create and maintain separate wireless connections with different access points, and wherein the first and second wireless communication interfaces are configured to operate using the same radio access technology or different radio access technologies; and means for establishing a first wireless connection to a first access point using the first wireless communication interface, wherein the first wireless connection is configured as a primary data connection for the apparatus and using the second wireless communication interface to discover at least a second access point, establish a second wireless connection to the second access point and perform at least one active measurement to determine whether the second wireless connection should be used as the primary data connection for the apparatus.

A method comprising: receiving a request for an edge application instance service for an application from a user equipment in a first service provider domain; determining a plurality of partial edge application instance options for the application, a respective partial edge application option being a part in a second service provider domain for an edge application instance, the second provider domain comprising at least a network service provider domain; configuring and reserving respective resources for each of the plurality of partial edge application options in the second domain; and after selection of one of the plurality of partial edge application options for servicing the application with an edge application instance, causing release of other of the plurality of edge application options.

Devices, methods and computer programs for reducing complexity of a machine learning (ML) model -based radio receiver are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow, for example, reducing the number of computation operations, the size of data buffers, and/or the amount of data transferred for inference processing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for communications. In the method, the apparatus determines that first data is to be transmitted to a terminal device. In the method, the apparatus further reuses a first hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) process in a stalled state to transmit the first data to the terminal device based on determining that there is no free HARQ process for transmitting the first data.

An approach is provided for resource provider identity management and resource attestation and provisioning. The approach involves, for example, determining a request to initiate a pre-provisioning of a resource component to an infrastructure network (e.g., Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN). The request includes a specification label that advertises one or more capabilities of the resource. The approach also involves reading of a specification table and a unique identifier from the resource component. The approach further involves verification of the specification label based, at least in part, on the specification table. The approach further involves generating a bundle based, at least in part, on the specification table and the unique identifier. The bundle represents the verification of the specification label. The approach further involves associating the bundle with the resource component.

A processor comprising: a program memory for storing instructions; a decoder adapted to convert the instructions into respective operation codes and enable signals; a controller including an instruction word consisting of a plurality of instruction slots for providing the instructions to the decoder; a plurality of processing elements, each processing element being configured to operate during a time slot in accordance with an operation code provided to an input of the considered processing element so as to apply a mathematical operation to an input data element and generate an output data element, wherein an instruction provided via an instruction slot identifies one or more target processing elements to be used for executing the considered instruction, wherein the enable signals are adapted to control assignment of the operation codes to the processing elements; interconnection circuitry adapted to provide any of the operation codes to any of the processing elements at each time slot and configured to be operated in accordance with the enable signals.

When lower layer mobility cell switch is used in a network having access nodes, or corresponding apparatuses, some of which not supporting unified TCI states and some supporting such states, to enable smooth cell switch from a cell to a cell not supporting TCI states, the latter is configured to generate, when unified TCI states are requested, mapping information mapping one or more non-unified TCI states to corresponding one or more unified TCI-states, store the information, and respond using a list of unified TCI state(s). The mapping information may be later used for reverse mapping.

Techniques for facilitating automatic Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) provisioning are described. In operation, an Auto-Provisioning (AP) configuration request for the at least one secondary SIM corresponding to a primary SIM is received. The AP configuration request comprises a first pseudo-identifier associated with the primary SIM. The primary SIM is then authenticated. Upon authentication of the primary SIM, a first secure hash corresponding to the first pseudo-identifier is derived. Thereafter, at least one second pseudo-identifier associated with the at least one secondary SIM is received. Subsequently, at least one second secure hash for the secondary SIM is derived based on the second pseudo-identifier and the first secure hash. The first secure hash and the second secure hash are then stored in a first node and at least one second node of a distributed ledger, with the first node linked to the at least one second node.

Various example embodiments of a flexible ethernet group recovery capability are presented. The flexible ethernet group recovery capability may be provided as a Flex Ethernet (FlexE) group recovery capability. The FlexE group recovery capability may be configured to support automatic recovery of a FlexE group. The FlexE group recovery capability may be configured to support automatic recovery of a FlexE group composed of a set of members (e.g., a set of physical links, a set of logical links, or the like) in response to a condition associated with one or more of the members of the FlexE group. The FlexE group recovery capability may be configured to support automatic recovery of a FlexE group based on functions performed by the FlexE shims supporting the FlexE group.

A burst-mode laser driver includes a driver circuit, a switching circuit, and an energy recycling or harvesting circuit. The driver circuit is adapted to be electrically coupled to a burst-mode laser, the driver circuit configured to control a bias current supplied to the burst-mode laser to change the laser between the burst-on and the burst-off state. The switching circuit is electrically coupled to the driver circuit and adapted to switch the bias current between the laser during a burst-on state and a dummy electrical path during a burst-off state. The energy recycling circuit electrically coupled to the switching circuit and is adapted to harvest at least a portion of energy from the bias current during the burst-off state.

In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium, a network device may be caused to, obtain task utility information for at least one task to be performed by at least one wirelessly controlled device, obtain wireless link utility information for at least one wireless link to be assigned to the at least one task, determine a QoS time function for the at least one task and the at least one wireless link based on the task utility information and the wireless link utility information, and communicate the QoS time function to a network scheduler node, a core network node, and an enterprise management server, the QoS time function enabling the network scheduler node to provide network resources over the first time period to the at least one wirelessly controlled device based on the QoS requirements.

Example embodiments describe an optical line terminal (110), OLT, configured to communicate in a passive optical network (100), PON, with optical network units (130, 140, 150), ONUs; wherein the OLT comprises a dynamic bandwidth assignment, DBA, engine (111) configured to dynamically assign bandwidths (201) to traffic-bearing entities (131, 132, 141, 151, 152, 153) within the ONUs for a future DBA interval (205 - 208) by allocating transmission opportunities (220) to the traffic-bearing entities within one or more frames (215) of the future DBA interval (205 - 208); wherein a DBA interval comprises at least two successive frames; and characterized in that the OLT is configured to notify, at the latest at the start of a next DBA interval (205), the respective ONUs about one or more low-power opportunities (217, 218) during the next DBA interval; wherein low-power opportunities are periods of one or more successive frames (214, 216) during the next DBA interval (205) without transmission opportunities allocated to the traffic-bearing entities of a respective ONU.

According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus configured to perform the following. The apparatus obtains a plurality of channel matrices corresponding to a plurality of frequencies. The apparatus selects a compression matrix according to a compression matrix selection scheme. The apparatus calculates, based on the plurality of channel matrices and the compression matrix, a plurality of compressed channel matrices and, based on the plurality of channel matrices and the plurality of compressed channel matrices, a semi-compressed short-term channel covariance matrix. The apparatus calculates one or more approximate short-term eigenvectors and/or eigenvalues of a short-term channel covariance matrix based on an approximation of the short-term channel covariance matrix and transmits the one or more approximate short-term eigenvectors and/or eigenvalues to a distributed unit. The approximation of the short-term channel covariance matrix is based on the semi-compressed short-term channel covariance matrix and the compression matrix.

A bi-directional optical controller includes an upstream optical interface, a downstream optical interface, and an optical circuit coupling the interfaces such that optical signals received at either interface is routed to the other interface. The optical circuit is adapted to allow, for example, enable or disable, a first set of prespecified optical services to be provided in at least one of the upstream or downstream direction on an optical signal received at the respective downstream or upstream interface.

Example embodiments describe an optical network unit, ONU (131 - 134), configured to communicate in a passive optical network, PON (100), with an optical line terminal, OLT (110); wherein the ONU is configured to receive a stream (210) of forward error correction, FEC, codewords (211) comprising at least a portion of respective downstream frames (221) broadcasted by the OLT over the PON; wherein the respective downstream frames comprise a header (222) and a payload (223); and wherein the header includes one or more error correction bits (234) for error correcting the header by the ONU, and an identifier (232) indicative for which of the one or more ONUs the payload is intended; wherein the ONU is characterized in that it is further configured to perform: first, error correcting (201, 241) the headers (222) of the downstream frames (221) based on the one or more error correction bits (234) within the respective headers; then, identifying (202, 242) downstream frames (221) with a payload (223) intended for the ONU based on the identifier (232) within the error-corrected headers; and thereafter, FEC decoding (203, 250) the one or more FEC codewords that comprise at least a portion of the identified downstream frames.

A photonic integrated circuit for modulating light includes an electro-optic modulator disposed along a top surface of a substrate. The electro-optic modulator includes an optical waveguide segment connected between two optical waveguide loop mirrors. At least one of the two optical waveguide loop mirrors includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) having a pair of 2x2 optical couplers at opposite ends thereof to couple light in and out of the MZM, one of the 2x2 couplers being terminated by a waveguide loop.

Approaches for energy accounting of network nodes in a Radio Access Network (RAN), such as an Open RAN, are described. In an example, a first value corresponding to energy consumed in implementation and during operation of one of an Al and a ML pipeline at a first network node of a RAN may be obtained. Thereafter, an estimate of energy saving for the first network node may be determined by comparing energy usage before and after executing a decision based on an inference of one of an Al and ML model deployed at the first network node. Based on the first value and the estimate of energy saving for the first network node, a measure of net energy may be computed. In response to the computed measure, a pre-defined action may be executed.

A multi-layer printed circuit board includes a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a central via pad disposed on the first side and having a plurality of central-extensions extending outwardly therefrom, a first via pad disposed on the first side and having at least one first-extension extending outwardly therefrom, a second via pad disposed on the first side and having at least one first-extension extending outwardly therefrom, wherein each central-extension has a first-connection-edge, wherein each first-extension has a second-connection-edge, wherein a first first-connection edge of a first central-extension faces a second-connection-edge of the first via pad, and a line perpendicular to the first first-connection edge and to the second-connection-edge of the first via pad forms an angle with a via-to-via axis line between the central via pad and the first via pad, and the angle is greater than a predetermined threshold angle.

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