Nokia Solutions and Networks Patente

Disclosed is a method comprising generating an indication indicating a switching mode to be applied at a user equipment for uplink transmit switching, wherein the switching mode is based at least on a predicted throughput of the user equipment on a primary cell and on one or more secondary cells of the user equipment; and transmitting the indication to the user equipment.

Various example embodiments of a cellular - wireless local area network (WLAN) radio access network (RAN) convergence (CWRC) capability are presented. The CWRC capability may be configured to support architectural and procedural solutions for enabling Layer 2 (L2) convergence between cellular and WLAN access within the RAN.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a device, method, apparatus for communication, and computer-readable storage medium. A method for communication includes: transmitting, by a first device to a second device, a request for channel measurement coordination, the request at least indicating that the first device expects to perform coordinated channel measurement for a plurality of channels associated with a target bandwidth within a target time period; based on receiving, from the second device, a response to the request indicating that the coordinated channel measurement can be performed within the target time period, triggering the coordinated channel measurement for the plurality of channels to be performed by at least the first device and the second device; and exchanging a result of the coordinated channel measurement with the second device.

The present subject matter relates to a method for determining a position of a device using a set of anchor nodes comprising: providing a set of initial ranges in time or space between the set of anchor nodes and the device; executing one or more times a position determination operation, the position determination operation comprising: determining a first set of initial ranges; estimating a first position of the device using the first set of initial ranges; estimating a second position of the device using a second set of initial ranges; providing either the first position or the second position as the device's position based on fulfillment of an estimation position improvement criterion; wherein the second set of initial ranges is the first set of initial ranges being reduced by one initial range, wherein the position determination operation is executed until the provision of the position.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, apparatus, device, and computer-readable storage medium for communication. A method for communication includes: configuring, at a terminal device, at least one frequency conversion component with at least one respective first reference frequency value, the at least one frequency conversion component being configured for frequency conversion between a physical transmission medium and an air interface, the physical transmission medium being disposed between the terminal device and a network device; in response to detecting a first cell by a frequency scan, receiving, from the network device, first system information of the first cell through the physical transmission medium, the first system information indicating a logical frequency of the first cell; and determining at least one respective first target frequency value of the at least one frequency conversion component based on the at least one respective first reference frequency value of the at least one frequency conversion component and the logical frequency of the first cell, the first target frequency value being configured to perform the frequency conversion for the first cell.

Apparatus and method of anomaly classification. In an embodiment, the apparatus performs binary classification of data samples in a dataset to classify the data samples into a normal group or an anomalous group, performs multiclass classification to classify the data samples of the anomalous group into anomaly classes, and identifying a set of the data samples in the anomalous group as false positives resulting from the binary classification when the multiclass classification fails to classify the data samples of the first set into one of the anomaly classes.

An apparatus, comprising: a first antenna array comprising a plurality of first antenna array elements configured to transmit signals comprising encoded data in a first frequency band; a second antenna array comprising a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive signals comprising encoded data in the first frequency band; a third antenna array comprising a plurality of third antenna array elements; a suppression signal generator configured to generate first suppression drive signals in the first frequency band for the third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements in the first frequency band from the plurality of first antenna array elements; and a transceiver coupled with the third antenna array and configured to convey signals comprising encoded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band differs from the first frequency band.

An apparatus, comprising: a transmit antenna array comprising a plurality of transmit antenna array elements; a receive antenna array comprising a plurality of receive antenna array elements; a suppression antenna array comprising a plurality of suppression antenna array elements; and a signal generator configured to generate suppression antenna array element drive signals for the suppression antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of receive antenna array elements from the plurality of transmit antenna array elements.

An apparatus, comprising: an antenna radiator configured to be separated from and at least partially overlapping a ground plane; and an antenna feed comprising: at least one cavity resonator configured to convey radio frequency signals, the at least one cavity resonator coupled with a filter probe configured to convey the radio frequency signals between radio circuitry and the at least one cavity resonator, and an antenna coupler configured to couple the radio frequency signals between the at least one cavity resonator and the antenna radiator, the at least one cavity resonator and the antenna coupler being configured to generate filtered radio frequency signals from the radio frequency signals received by the at least one cavity resonator and the antenna coupler.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for use by a pathfinding device, comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain a first set of nodes of a polygon indicating a first Permitted-Moving - Zone, PMZ, wherein, the first PMZ is not overlapping with any other PMZs; determine a group of Non-permitted-Moving-Zones, NMZs, that lies within the first PMZ or intersects with the first PMZ as its relevant NMZs; and determine a visibility graph for the first PMZ based on its relevant NMZs.

A layered semiconductor structure comprises: an InP on Silicon, InPoSi, substrate. The InPoSi substrate comprises: a silicon substrate; a silica layer on the silicon substrate; and an InP seed layer on the silica layer; a stack of III-V layers on the InPoSi substrate. The stack of III-V layers comprises a buffer layer above the InP seed layer. The buffer layer is made of In<y>Al<1-y>As, y being smaller than or equal to 0.53.

The present invention relates to radio channel estimation method applying a modified Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE, algorithm. The method (30) comprises at first correlating (31) a received signal with a Demodulation Reference Signal, DMRS, sequence for removing impact of a specific DMRS sequence. Secondly, a signal subspace separation is performed (32) by separating the signal subspace from intracell interference caused by DMRS sequences of other layers, wherein the performing is independent of the used layers and used DMRS types. Thirdly, a parameter space is created (33) from the results of the performing. Finally, a modified Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE, algorithm is applied (34) for creating a radio channel estimate in the frequency domain from the created parameter space, where the applying is implemented as a matrix multiplication of the created parameter space with matrix P, where the matrix P is dependent on Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR.

Apparatuses and methods for controlling electromagnetic field exposure are presented. Angular spread of a radio channel is determined (300), where the determined angular spread is configured for use by a transmission point for transmission. Based on the determined angular spread, the beamwidth is selected (302) in at least one of an azimuth or an elevation direction of an antenna arrangement configured for use with the transmission point for transmission of the radio channel.

Apparatus and method of implementing a registry smart contract on a permissioned distributed ledger (PDL). In an embodiment, an apparatus operates the PDL on a distributed network of peer nodes, and executes a registry smart contract deployed on the PDL, in response to receiving a register request regarding a registering peer node, to identify node information comprising at least endpoint information of the registering peer node, generate a transaction proposal to record the node information of the registering peer node on the PDL, provide the transaction proposal to a group of the peer nodes for approval, and record the node information of the registering peer node as a transaction on the PDL when approval is granted.

Described herein is a method, a network node a computer readable medium for providing human interpretable semantic information of one or more network states generated during execution of a network component of a target communication network or a network digital twin, NDT, of a corresponding target communication network. The method is capable of generating a trained network state information model which is configured to identify and anticipate human interpretable semantic information of the one or more network states comprehensible for network experts so that no additional means are required to identify potential errors or conditions within a present network systems, wherein said method comprises at least the steps of: receiving a set of data elements and information identifying pre-defined test cases under which a SWNC is executed in a second target communication network; training, on the basis of the received set of data elements and information, a network state information model to determine human interpretable semantic information of at least one network state of the SWNC identified during execution in the first target communication network based on the identified network states; applying at least one network model including the trained network state information model to the first target communication network to generate at least one human interpretable semantic information of one or more network states of the SWNC determined during execution in the first target communication network; and reporting, by the trained network state information model, the at least one human interpretable semantic information associated with the one or more network states.

A method of a networking device is disclosed comprising: (a) establishing a Media Access Control security (MACsec) key agreement (MKA) session with another networking device; (b) generating a pre-shared key (PSK); (c) distributing the PSK generated in step (b) to the other networking device; and, optionally, (d) establishing a new MKA session using the PSK generated in step (b) to secure the new MKA session.

Example embodiments describe an optical line terminal, OLT (301, 311), configured to communicate with respective sets of optical network units, ONUs (131 - 134), within a plurality of passive optical networks, PONs (181 - 183), optically connected to the OLT at respective PON ports (141 - 143) of at least one OLT line card (140); wherein the OLT further comprises a shared scheduler engine (303, 313) configured to allocate non-overlapping upstream transmission opportunities (251, 252, 253) to traffic-bearing entities of the ONUs within the respective PONs (181 - 183) during a shared upstream allocation interval (250) by synchronizing the time of arrival (264) at the OLT of the shared upstream allocation interval for the respective PONs (250a, 250b, 250c).

Various example embodiments of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) direct detection (DD) system are presented. The WDM DD system may be configured to support WDM within the context of any WDM system supporting communication of wavelength channels based on modulation formats recoverable by direct detection (e.g., based on intensity-modulated (IM) signals within the context of a WDM IM-DD system, single-sideband (SSB) signals within the context of a WDM SSB-DD system, or the like). The WDM DD system may be configured to support WDM within the context of a WDM DD system, based on labeling of the wavelength channels with a set of states of spatial mode and polarization (SoSPs), based on use of an SoSP labeler on the transmit side to associate SoSPs with the wavelength channels and based on use of a receiver on the receive side to detect the SoSPs and recover the wavelength channels based on the SoSPs.

A photonic integrated circuit for modulating light includes an electro-optic modulator disposed along a top surface of a substrate. The electro-optic modulator includes an optical waveguide segment connected between two optical waveguide loop mirrors. At least one of the two optical waveguide loop mirrors includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) having a pair of 2x2 optical couplers at opposite ends thereof to couple light in and out of the MZM, one of the 2x2 couplers being terminated by a waveguide loop. Substituting MZI tuning circuits comprising a thermal tuner connected in series between two directional couplers for the 2x2 optical couplers can compensate for coupler fabrication errors that may affect power splitting, ensuring a near perfect 50:50 power splitting ratio thus enabling improvements in both modulation voltage and modulation bandwidth.

There are provided measures for efficient utilization of machine learning processing resources. Such measures exemplarily comprise, for preparing, based on initial data, input data for an input layer of a machine learning model having said input layer, at least one inner layer, and an output layer, and being learned and/or deployed at processing hardware providing a plurality of processing channels, each processing channel comprising a dedicated processor and a dedicated memory range, wherein said initial data is arranged in a first array having a first dimension equal to or larger than 1, a second dimension equal to or larger than 1, and a third dimension equal to or larger than 1, wherein a data amount of each element of said first array is equal to a predetermined amount, if said predetermined amount multiplied with a size of said first dimension and a size of said second dimension exceeds a size of said dedicated memory range and if said third dimension is smaller than a number of said plurality of processing channels: partitioning said first array in said first dimension and said second dimension into a plurality of uniform sub-arrays, wherein a number of said plurality of sub-arrays is based on said dedicated memory range, performing, for each sub-array field index position of a plurality of selected sub-array field index positions, a down-sampling operation on said first array of said initial data, said down-sampling operation includes selecting, from each sub-array, a field at said sub-array field index position, and generating, for each index position in said third dimension, a second array including said elements corresponding to said selected fields and said index position in said third dimension, in an arrangement corresponding to an arrangement of said plurality of uniform sub-arrays, and assigning each of generated second arrays in order of generation to a respective processing channel of said plurality of processing channels as said input data.

The present subject matter relates to a method for reception of data in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving a set of soft bits, referred to as set of raw soft bits, representing at least part of the data; inputting the set of raw soft bits into a machine learning model, to obtain an output comprising a set of symbols, referred to as set of refined soft symbols, and a set of one or more values indicating a signal disturbance level for the set of refined soft symbols; providing the set of refined soft symbols and the set of one or more values for enabling a decoding of the at least part of the data.

A network node comprises at least one queue for storing received packets, wherein the packets include first packets belonging to at least one first flow and second packets belonging to at least one second flow. A scheduler schedules transmission of the stored packets via at least one network link and extracts the stored packets from the in at least one queue based on the scheduled transmission. A policer marks some of the first packets with a congestion indicator before transmission. The network node is configured to: determine respective serving rates for the at least one first flow and the at least one second flow, a serving rate being determined for a flow and indicating a rate with which packets of the considered flow are extracted by the scheduler; compute, for a flow among the at least one first flow, a respective target serving rate to converge to, wherein a target serving rate for a flow is computed based on the serving rates; and configure the policer with a policer parameter for controlling an amount of packets to be marked in a flow among the at least one first flow, wherein the policer parameter is based on the target serving rate determined for the considered flow.

A method comprising transmitting to a set of one or more devices, at least one radio frequency signal, the transmitting comprising: applying (201) a current first set of analog weights to the at least one radio frequency signal to distribute the at least one radio frequency signal to antenna elements of the antenna array in accordance with a distribution of the first set of analog weights, resulting in antenna element level signals; and applying (203) a predefined second set of analog weights to the antenna element level signals to distribute the antenna element level signals to radiators of the antenna elements in accordance with a distribution of the second set of analog weights.

In some embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes In some embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving an indication to perform a single class inference task using a machine learning model that is trained to perform a multi-class inference task; in response to the indication, applying, during a timeframe of execution of the machine learning model hosted by the user equipment, at least one mask mapped to the single class inference task; and reconfiguring the machine learning model to a state where the first set of nodes and the second set to perform the multi-class inference task. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Method comprisingderiving first actions to adapt an allocation of resources of a first slice of a base station to fulfill a first performance requirement independently from an allocation of the resources of a second slice of the base station;providing information about the first actions;deriving a set of second actions to adapt the allocation of the resources of the second slice to fulfill a second performance requirement independently from the allocation of the resources of the first slice;providing information about the second actions;jointly optimizing the allocation of the resources of the first slice and the second slice based on the information about the first actions, the allocation of the resources of the first slice, the information about the second actions, and the allocation of the resources of the second slice to derive modified first actions and modified second actions;instructing the base station to apply the modified first actions and modified second actions.

Method comprisingstoringone or more service profiles for a service and,for the service profiles, one or more function profiles for the respective service profile;receiving a first inquiry comprising an indication of the service and an intent for the service;selecting one of the service profiles based on the intent for the service;replying, in response to the first inquiry, by a first reply comprising the selected one of the service profiles;receiving a second inquiry comprising an indication of the selected service profile and a service plan;selecting one of the function profiles for the selected service profile based on the service plan;replying, in response to the second inquiry, by a second reply comprising the selected one of the function profiles for the selected service profile.

Disclosed is a method comprising collecting network data from a plurality of access points within a wireless network; selecting, based on the age of the network data, a digital twin approach from at least two pre-defined digital twin approaches for simulating the wireless network; determining one or more optimized channel configurations for the plurality of access points based at least on the network data and the digital twin approach selected; and applying one of the one or more optimized channel configurations to the plurality of access points within the wireless network.

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) includes an optical edge coupler configured to optically couple the PIC to an optical fiber. The edge optical coupler comprises an optical waveguide core that is at least 2 microns thick and is disposed over a first cladding layer configured to guide light of an operating wavelength of the PIC in the optical waveguide core. The optical waveguide core and the first cladding layer have a low refractive index difference therebetween to form a weakly guiding waveguide. In an example implementation, the PIC is silicon-based, and both the cladding and the optical core of the edge optical coupler include a silicon oxide material.

An apparatus may generate (6002), based on computed estimates on channel properties, at least one initial solution to an optimization problem or iterative algorithm. The apparatus may generate the computed estimates by a radio-aware digital twin, RADT.

Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to use a technology-aware optical device (130, 200, 330, 400) to support co-existence of multiple optical technology types in a point-to-multipoint optical network (100).

An apparatus for a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising means for determining, based on historic multi-dimensional resource allocation information of a network device for the wireless communication system, a condensed one-dimensional representation of the historic multi-dimensional resource allocation information using a first model, determining predicted condensed one-dimensional resource allocation information based on the condensed one-dimensional representation of the historic multi-dimensional resource allocation information using a second model, which is different from the first model, expanding the predicted condensed one-dimensional resource allocation information using the first model to obtain predicted multi-dimensional resource allocation information for the network device.

Various example embodiments of a secure communication capability are presented. The secure communication capability may be configured to support use of a Media Access Control (MAC) Security Tag (SecTag) header, within the context of Media Access Control Security (MACsec) or any Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer capable of using the SecTag header, to secure communications between communication devices. The secure communication capability may be configured to support use of packet numbers (PNs), including 64-bit PNs, within the SecTag header. The secure communication capability may be configured to support use of 64-bit PNs by encoding 64-bit PNs within a Packet Number (PN) field of the SecTag header. The secure communication capability may be configured to support use of 64-bit PNs within the MAC SecTag header in a manner for supporting use of PN partitioning for secure communication over multi-link paths.

The present subject matter relates to a method comprising: determining, for a specific time unit, an available set of frequency resource units, for each signal path of multiple signal paths, determine at least one feature vector descriptive of a set of devices, the set of frequency resource units and the signal path, perform per feature vector of the at least one feature vector an inference pass of a reinforcement machine learning agent model to obtain an individual output using the feature vector as input, and use the at least one individual output to determine an individual scheduling configuration of the set of frequency resource units to the set of devices; using the individual scheduling configurations to determine a scheduling decision to assign the set of frequency resource units to the set of devices, such that a frequency resource unit can be assigned to one or more signal paths.

An apparatus for digital pre-distortion of a real valued signal in a real domain not a complex domain to produce a pre-distorted real valued signal (30), wherein digital pre-distortion is performed based on a comparison between a feedback real-valued signal signal (123), a real-valued signal to be transmitted (121) and/or the pre-distorted version of this signal (30).

Disclosed is an apparatus for computationally intensive applications, such as information technology applications requiring computational power. Disclosed is an apparatus arranged to provide an analog signal to at least one input of an analog compute-in-memory resistive matrix comprised in said apparatus, and to receive a digital signal from at least one direct-drive analog-to-digital converter in the output of said at least one analog compute-in-memory resistive matrix.

Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a message comprising information related to a communication link between a network node and a user equipment, wherein the message further comprises at least a part of an application correlation identifier indicating at least one of: one or more application flows served to the user equipment via the network node, or a user connection used for delivering the one or more application flows to the user equipment via the network node; correlating the one or more application flows or the user connection to the information related to the communication link, based at least on the application correlation identifier; and performing one or more actions for adjusting the one or more application flows or the user connection, based on the information correlated to the one or more application flows or to the user connection.

A polarization sensing element (30, 30A) is proposed to be used with one or more receivers in a PON (10) system, a separate polarization sensing element located with selected receivers in a one-to-one association. The polarization sensing element (30, 30A) is configured to track polarization changes in received signals while still using the IM-DD based transceivers to maintain compatibility with current (as well as future) IM-DD based PONs. Polarization sensing at several PON (10) receivers may be used to monitor conditions at the fiber spans forming the ODN (16) and report abnormal" conditions that may arise from the fiber itself (e.g., from a severe bend in a fiber span) or environmental changes at a fiber location (e.g., vibrations, excessive temperatures changes).

An antenna array of frequency-independent phase shifters may be configured to provide band-specific beamforming over a plurality of operating bands by determining, based on a first frequency allocation on a first operating band with first angular directions, at least a second frequency allocation on a second operating band with a second angular directions, so that a first set of predefined requirements comprising at least beamforming requirements on frequency allocations and angular directions are met on all operating bands, determining beamforming weights, and configuring the antenna array to apply the beamforming weights.

The present subject matter relates to a method comprising transmitting to a device a radio frequency signal comprising a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal, wherein the first radio frequency signal is generated through a first transmission chain, the first transmission chain being configured to implement a first sequence of operations to generate the first radio frequency signal from first data; wherein the second radio frequency signal is generated through a second transmission chain, the second transmission chain being configured to implement a second sequence of operations to generate the second radio frequency signal from second data; wherein the second sequence of operations is different from the first sequence of operations.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses, and media for passive optical network activation. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a key control message during a process of a key exchange. The key control message indicates the first apparatus to: generate a key by applying a cipher algorithm to be used and transmit the key, or confirm a key corresponding to a currently used cipher algorithm. The key control message further indicates the first apparatus to generate a key report based on the key control message, and transmit the key report to the second apparatus. In this way, the key and the cipher algorithm in the communication process of the first apparatuses and the second apparatuses can be matched, and the channel working stability is improved.