NXP Semiconductors Patente

A method for performing ultra-wide-band (UWB) radio-frequency (RF) frame validation, wherein an UWB frame comprises: a synchronisation header (SYNC) field suitable for synchronisation between a transmitter and a receiver, and a scrambled timestamp sequence (STS) suitable for providing additional integrity and security for ranging measurements. The method comprises: receiving a SYNC channel impulse response (CIR) of an UWB frame; receiving an STS CIR of the UWB frame; comparing peak amplitude values of the SYNC CIR and the STS CIR. If a difference between the peak amplitude values of the SYNC CIR and the STS CIR is greater than a predetermined magnitude difference threshold, then: rejecting the UWB frame; else: comparing polarities of the SYNC CIR and the STS CIR. If the polarities of the SYNC CIR and the STS CIR are different, then rejecting the UWB frame; else: accepting the UWB frame.

The disclosure relates to a frequency doubler circuit (100) comprising: first and second input terminals (101, 102) for receiving an input voltage signal (IN+, IN-) at a first frequency; a first pair of transistors (103a, 103b) connected between a supply line (104) and a first node (105); a second pair of transistors (106a, 106b) connected between a common line (107) and a second node (108), the first and second pairs of transistors (103a, 103b, 106a, 106b) having gates coupled to the respective first and second input terminals (101, 102); an output matching circuit (109) having first and second output terminals (110, 111) for providing an output voltage signal (OUT+, OUT-) at a second frequency; a first common gate transistor (112) connected between the first node (105) and a first input (113) of the output matching circuit (109); and a second common gate transistor (114) connected between the second node (108) and a second input (115) of the output matching circuit (109).

The present invention relates to a Controller Area Network, CAN, device comprising: a data, RD, interface, a processing unit, and a bus interface for coupling to a CAN bus, wherein the CAN device is configured to receive first data via the RD interface, wherein the processing unit is configured to create a series of CAN frames referred to as a frame series based on the first data such that the frame series comprises a start CAN frame and at least one further CAN frame referred to as at least one follower CAN frame, wherein the processing unit is configured to distribute the first data among the CAN frames of the frame series, wherein the processing unit is configured to create the start CAN frame such that the start CAN frame comprises an identifier that represents a priority value referred to as the start priority value within a predefined first value range, wherein the processing unit is configured to create each follower CAN frame such that each follower CAN frame comprises a respectively associated identifier that represents a priority value referred to as a follower priority value within a predefined second value range, wherein the second value range is less than the first value range, and wherein the CAN device is configured to transmit the CAN frames of the frame series via the CAN interface such that the at least one follower CAN frame follows the start CAN frame.

The present disclosure relates to a communication device, wherein the communication device is configured to receive a CAN frame via the CAN interface, the CAN frame comprises a first stream packet comprising a first stream data field and a first header, which comprises a plurality of common header fields and a plurality of first header fields, wherein the processing unit is configured to create a second stream packet corresponding to the first stream packet except for the first header fields, such that the second stream packet comprises the first stream data field and a second header comprising the common header fields and, in place of the first header fields, at least one second header field, wherein the processing unit is configured to create an Ethernet frame comprising the second stream packet as a payload, wherein the processing unit is configured to create a destination MAC address and a source MAC address of the Ethernet frame based on at least one of the plurality of first header fields, and wherein the communication device is configured to send the Ethernet frame via the Ethernet interface.

The disclosure relates to methods of training an object detecting and tracking model. The object detecting or tracking model is trained by receiving (S201) location telemetry data transmitted by an object within the field of view and receiving (S203) sensor data from a sensor and derives object data therefrom. The object detecting and tracking model derives the ground truth from the location telemetry data and uses that to train the model. The disclosure further discusses related systems

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a near field communication (NFC) device is provided, comprising: an NFC antenna; a first transmitter operatively coupled to the NFC antenna; a second transmitter operatively coupled to the NFC antenna; a controller operatively coupled to the first transmitter and the second transmitter; wherein the NFC antenna comprises a first part and a second part, the first part extending from the first transmitter to a ground connection of said NFC antenna, and the second part extending from said ground connection to the second transmitter; wherein the controller is configured to cause the first transmitter to feed the first part of the NFC antenna while the second transmitter does not feed the second part of the NFC antenna, and to cause the second transmitter to feed the second part of the NFC antenna while the first transmitter does not feed the first part of the NFC antenna. In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating an NFC device is conceived.

A method is described which monitors hypervisor execution and controls hypervisor features to enforce a confidential computing environment.

The disclosure relates to a Zener diode that is insensitive to external stress, and to a method of making such a Zener diode. A lattice mismatch is used to induce a compressive stress in the junction of the Zener diode in the direction of current flow. The lattice mismatch may be produced by carbon doping.

A method (800) for adapting a supply voltage of a device comprises: configuring (810) a change in an operational state of the device; measuring (820) a temperature of the device; determining (830) a supply voltage level for the device to operate in the configured operational state; and adapting (840) a supply voltage of the device in dependence on at least the measured temperature and the supply voltage level for the device to operate in the configured operational state.

An ESD circuit includes a clamp that can be used for both discharging ESD current and for over voltage protection. The integrated circuit includes a signal IC terminal that is coupled to the clamp through a resistor circuit. In response to an over voltage condition of the signal IC terminal, the clamp becomes conductive to make conducive a discharge path between the signal IC terminal and a supply voltage rail to conduct charge to reduce the over voltage condition. The discharge path is through the resistor and through the clamp. A transistor is coupled to the control terminal of the clamp and has a control input coupled to receive an ESD trigger signal. In response to a detected ESD event, the trigger circuit is asserted to make the transistor conductive to pull the voltage of the control terminal of the clamp towards a voltage of the supply voltage rail to make conductive the discharge path to discharge ESD current between the IC terminal and the supply voltage rail.

A serial communication device for I2C or I3C communication and method is described. The serial communication device includes a serial data (SDA) terminal coupled to a series arrangement of a SDA filter and a SDA programable delay circuit. The serial communication device includes a serial clock (SCL) terminal coupled to a series arrangement of a SCL filter and a SCL programable delay circuit. In response to detecting a start condition, a first count value is generated by a first counter during a first time duration corresponding to a SDA filter propagation delay time, a second count value is generated by a second counter during a second time duration corresponding to a SCL filter propagation delay time. A delay of at least one of the SDA programable delay circuit and the SCL programable delay circuit determined from the first count value and the second count value.

The disclosure relates to measurement of a change in distance over time using radar. Example embodiments include a computer-implemented method of measuring a change in distance over time using FMCW radar signals, the method comprising: transmitting (1701) a series of chirp signals; receiving (1702) a series of reflected chirp signals from a target; and processing (1703, 1704, 1705) the series of reflected chirp signals to determine a change in distance to the target over time from phase differences between the transmitted and received chirp signals, wherein phase differences between successive frames (1301, 1302) derived from the received chirp signals are fitted to a function (1303) to correct for any phase differences greater than 2π between the successive frames (1301, 1302).

The disclosure relates to a computer-implemented voice recognition method and system, in which an audio signal (104) is provided to an acoustic model (100), processed to determine phonemes (202) from the audio signal (104), which are provided to a decoding graph (201) comprising a plurality of search paths corresponding to sequences of phonemes and an output (203) from the decoding graph (201) determined according to one of the plurality of search paths, wherein the plurality of search paths in the decoding graph (201) comprises a plurality of command search paths defining a plurality of sequences of phonemes for a respective plurality of voice commands and a watermark search path defining a sequence of phonemes for a watermark of the decoding graph (201).

Herein is disclosed a voltage input terminal configured to receive an input voltage; flash analogue to digital converter, ADC; an ADC, wherein the ADC comprises: a plurality of capacitors configured and arranged such that they at least partially define the bit resolution of the ADC; a controller; wherein: the flash ADC is configured to receive the input voltage and provide a flash ADC signal, wherein the flash ADC signal is a digital representation of the input voltage; the controller is configured to provide for pre-charging of the plurality of capacitors based on the flash ADC signal; and after the plurality of capacitors is pre-charged, the controller is configured to provide for sampling of the input voltage onto the plurality of capacitors, and the provision of an ADC output signal comprising a digital representation of the input voltage by the ADC.

An apparatus and method for performing multiple dimensional Discrete Fourier Transforms. Data in R vectors of C elements is compressed and stored in a two-dimensional data structure, where an amount of compression is based on a respective weight of a windowing function that is applied to elements in that row when a column vector is read from the two-dimensional data structure memory circuit to create a windowed vector. A selected column vector is read, from the two-dimensional data structure, that contains a respective element from a selected column in each row of the two-dimensional data structure. A windowed vector is created by applying a windowing function to the selected column vector and a Discrete Fourier Transform is calculated of the windowed vector.

The present disclosure relates to system and method for generating a digital signature. comprising computing via a hash function a public key; computing a signature comprising an authentication path traversing the node of at least one binary subtree belonging to a hypertree comprising d layers of binary subtrees each comprising a root node and leaf-nodes; storing the leaf-nodes at the top layer d-1, and those of at least one of the binary subtrees at an intermediate layer d-x, where 2≤x<d; extracting a binary subtree index idx_tree and inferring if the extracted binary subtree index idx_tree is associated with at least one binary subtree linked to the stored leaf-nodes at the intermediate layers; choosing an operation mode; generating the digital signature based on the chosen operation mode and on the association of the extracted binary subtree index idx_tree with a binary subtree linked to the stored leaf-nodes at the intermediate layers.

An integrated circuit for a wireless charging device, the integrated circuit configured to: communicate with a receiver device using near field communication, NFC; determine one or more processing response times of the receiver device based on the communication; and determine if the receiver device comprises a passive NFC tag or a powered NFC device based on the one or more processing response times.

There is disclosed a method for determining a backscatter link frequency, BLF, value in a radio frequency identification, RFID, tag device, by continuously evaluating incoming waveforms. Upon detecting the start of a TRCAL symbol a first and a second clock driven counters are initialized. The first counter is associated with a first divide ratio and the second counter is associated with a second divide ratio. The counters are incremented every clock cycle until the end of the TRCAL symbol is detected. At the end of the query command the divide ratio is determined, and the corresponding counter is selected. The counter value is stored as BLF indicator and indicates the BLF. Also disclosed is an RFID tag.

The disclosure relates to a method and system for processing and responding to audio input signals comprising a trigger prompt. Example embodiments include a computer-implemented method comprising: receiving (601) at a first device an audio input signal comprising a trigger prompt; processing (602) at the first device the audio input signal to determine a first quality metric of the audio input signal; transmitting (603) by the first device the first quality metric over a local network; monitoring (604) by the first device whether a higher second quality metric of the audio input signal is transmitted by a second device over the local network; and if a higher second quality metric is not received by the first device, responding (608) by the first device to the trigger prompt.

An apparatus comprising: an ultra-wideband device comprising a transmitter and a receiver; one or more processors configured to control the transmitter and receiver to perform a UWB ranging round with a remote UWB device, the UWB ranging round comprising the receipt of one or more ranging frames and the transmission of one or more responses for determination of a ranging-based distance, wherein the processors are further configured to provide for transmission of one or more radar frames during the UWB ranging round and, based on a corresponding one or more received reflections of the one or more radar frames, determine one or more radar-based distances between the UWB device and the remote UWB device, wherein the processors are configured to verify the ranging-based distance by determining whether or not the one or more radar-based distances contravene a predetermined minimum-possible-distance or a predetermined maximum-possible-distance.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a near field communication (NFC) device is provided, comprising: a first NFC antenna; an NFC unit operatively coupled to said first NFC antenna; and a field detection unit comprising a second NFC antenna, wherein said field detection unit is configured to detect, when operated in a first state, whether an electromagnetic field is present on the first NFC antenna by tuning the second NFC antenna to the operating frequency of the first NFC antenna and by detecting whether said electromagnetic field is present on the second NFC antenna. In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating an NFC device is conceived.

An apparatus for an energy meter comprising: an input configured to receive one or more phases of an electricity supply for metering; an analogue to digital convertor, ADC, configured to sample one of the phases of the one or more phases at a sampling frequency to generate a plurality of samples comprising a digital representation of the one of the one or more phases; a tuning block configured to: determine a phase angle difference between: (i) a first set of the plurality of samples representing a first voltage period of the one of the phases; and (ii) a second set of the plurality of samples representing a second voltage period of the one of the phases; and based on the phase angle difference, control the sampling frequency of the ADC.

Devices with a dielectric waveguide interface for coupling between an antenna system and a dielectric waveguide are disclosed. In an example, a device includes a housing that forms an enclosed space, an antenna system within the enclosed space, and a dielectric waveguide interface configured to couple a dielectric waveguide to the housing without compromising the housing.

A radar system uses a phase locked loop to generate an FMCW signal. The phase-locked loop has an LC oscillator having a coarse bank of capacitors, a first fine bank of capacitors, and a second fine bank of capacitors. A chirp controller uses non-uniform coarse frequency steps for the chirp operation. A randomly selected control setting for the second fine bank of capacitors is used in conjunction with the coarse bank of capacitors to generate the non-uniform coarse frequency steps. The first fine bank of capacitors is used to generate frequencies between coarse frequency steps as part of the chirp operation. Scale factor corrections are used to generate control settings for the second fine capacitor bank to reduce error.

In some implementations, the method may include receiving an RF signal of the RF link (1, 2) by an antenna interface (12) of a primary radio device (10). In addition, the method may include performing spectral analysis with the received RF signal, where harmonics of the received signal are searched. The method may include in a case, that harmonics are detected: determining a fundamental frequency of the RF signal from a spacing of the determined harmonics. Also, the method may include classifying the RF link (1, 2) based on the determined fundamental frequency.

A method for handling a temporary proactive command failure between an universal integrated circuit card (UICC 320) and a communication terminal (310). The method comprising, at the UICC: receiving a communication from the terminal; sending, in response thereto, a proactive command to the terminal; receiving, in response to the proactive command, a notification of a temporary proactive command failure between the UICC and the terminal where the notification includes an expected duration to recover from the temporary proactive command failure; and implementing a strategy to handle the temporary proactive command failure in dependence on the notification, wherein the strategy comprises one of: waiting a period of time that exceeds the expected duration before re-sending the proactive command; waiting an agreed time between the UICC and the terminal before re-sending the proactive command; re-sending the proactive command in response to a subsequent event initiated by the terminal; terminating communications with the terminal.

Provided is a voltage supply device for a display. The voltage supply device includes a voltage supply unit and a controller unit. The voltage supply unit includes an input terminal which receives a supply voltage, and a plurality of output terminals. A first output terminal of the plurality of output terminals provides a first output voltage level. A second output terminal of the plurality of output terminals provides a second output voltage level, and a third output voltage level which is different from and subsequent to the second voltage level. The controller unit provides a control signal to the voltage supply unit. The voltage supply unit sets the second and third voltage levels in dependence on the control signal.

A radar system configured to, based on a predetermined packet interval, from which scheduled packet start times are derived separated by the predetermined packet interval, transmit at least a first and second radar packet wherein: (i) transmission of the first radar packet is delayed by a first delay time from a first scheduled packet start time, and (ii) said transmission of the second radar packet is delayed by a different, second delay time from a second scheduled packet start time, and start sampling of a received signal at a time based on said first delay time to obtain a first sampled signal; and start sampling of a received signal at a time based on said second delay time to obtain a second sampled signal; and process the first and second sampled signals to generate respective CIR information.

A method for operating a passive radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tag comprising: an integrated-circuit (IC) picked from a region of a wafer, with an IC integrated capacitance value based on the region of the wafer. The IC comprises a variable-capacitance and a memory-device. The method comprises: a first-configuration-step comprising: receiving configuration-data, which defines a capacitance offset from a nominal value based on the region of the wafer, from the memory-device; and setting the variable-capacitance to an initially-configured capacitance value based on the configuration-data. A second-configuration-step comprising: measuring IC-response power from a received signal from an RFID reader for the initially-configured capacitance value; setting the variable-capacitance to a first-reconfigured capacitance value; measuring the IC-response power from the received signal for the first-reconfigured capacitance value; and setting the variable-capacitance as one from a list containing: the initially-configured capacitance value, and the first-reconfigured capacitance value, based on the IC-response power for each capacitance value.

Aspects of this disclosure are directed to Methods and devices for exchanging data using NFC from a listener device to a poller device. The method comprises the poller: sending an NFC Data Exchange Format, NDEF Write procedure including an NDEF Write procedure command, requesting the listener to write data into a readable memory; reading, not before the end of a wait time following the sending the NDEF Write procedure command, a request-for-time-extension, TE-REQ, defining an extended wait time; in response to the TE-REQ, sending an acknowledgement-of-time-extension, TE-ACK; and reading, not before the end of an extended wait time following the sending the TE-ACK, an NDEF response to the NDEF Write procedure command. The devices are configured accordingly.

A temperature-sensing-circuit comprising: an analogue-to-digital-converter; a first-active-device defining a first-current-density when receiving a first-current; a second-active-device defining a second-current-density when receiving a second-current (being different to the first-current-density); a comparison-block to provide a difference-signal to the analogue-to-digital-converter, representing a difference between a voltage-drop across the first-active-device and a voltage-drop across the second-active-device; a satellite-active-device defining a satellite-current-density when receiving a satellite-current; a multiplexer comprising: a first-input-terminal to receive the voltage-drop across the first-active-device; a satellite-input-terminal to receive a voltage-drop across the satellite-active-device; and an output-terminal to provide one of the received signals to the analogue-to-digital-converter; and a controller configured to: cause the multiplexer to provide the voltage-drop across the first-active-device, so the analogue-to-digital-converter provides a reference-ratio-signal (a ratio between the difference-signal and the voltage-drop across the first-active-device); cause the multiplexer to provide the voltage-drop across the satellite-active-device so the analogue-to-digital-converter provides a satellite-ratio-signal (a ratio between the difference-signal and the voltage-drop across the satellite-active-device); and determine a temperature difference between the first-active-device and the satellite-active-device from a comparison between the reference-ratio-signal and the satellite-ratio-signal.

The present disclosure provides a trusted processor configured to provide for the pairing of a subsystem leader and a subsystem follower, the trusted processor configured to: receive, from the subsystem leader, a subsystem leader identifier and a subsystem follower identifier; generate a leader pairing material transport key (PMTK); transmit the leader PMTK to the subsystem leader; and transmit a derived PMTK to the subsystem follower, wherein the derived PMTK is derived based on the received subsystem follower identifier and the leader PMTK; wherein the transmitted leader PMTK and the derived PMTK are configured to be used by the subsystem leader and the subsystem follower to securely authenticate each other and, based on this authentication, set up respective long term pairing keys for ongoing communication therebetween. The disclosure also provides for a corresponding subsystem comprising the subsystem leader and the subsystem follower.

The present disclosure provides a method of building a UWB network, comprising a plurality of spatially-separated UWB nodes, wherein the plurality of UWB nodes comprises a gateway node and a plurality of non-gateway nodes, the method comprising; identifying at least one gateway-neighbouring node; setting the gateway node into a two-way ranging, TWR, controller mode to provide for transfer of data to each of the identified gateway-neighbouring nodes; for at least a first gateway-neighbouring, FGN, node: identifying, if available, at least one FGN-child node; setting the FGN node into a TWR controller mode to provide for transfer of data to each of the identified FGN-child nodes, wherein the operation of each node in its respective TWR controller mode is non-contemporaneous with the operation of any of its neighbouring nodes in their respective TWR controller mode.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle access system is provided, comprising: a near field communication (NFC) front-end, wherein said NFC front-end comprises a first secure element; an access controller operatively coupled to the NFC front-end, wherein said access controller comprises a second secure element configured to verify data provided by the first secure element; wherein the first secure element and the second secure element are configured to establish a secure communication channel for transmitting said data from the first secure element to the second secure element. In accordance with further aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating a vehicle access system is conceived, and a computer program for carrying out said method is provided.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes affixing a plurality of semiconductor die on a first major side of a leadframe having a plurality of package sites, each semiconductor die affixed at a respective package site, the leadframe selectively plated such that un-plated regions are formed between the package sites. An encapsulant encapsulates the plurality of semiconductor die and the first major side of the leadframe. A second major side of the leadframe is exposed through the encapsulant. The un-plated regions are etched from the second major side of the leadframe to electrically isolate each package site from one another.

A three-dimensional (3D) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device includes a plurality of stacked cells (106, 106-1, 106-2, ...), a plurality of stacked insulating layers (120), and a first interconnect structure (116) of a first type. The plurality of cells (106, 106-1, 106-2, ...) are stacked in a direction perpendicular to a major surface of a substrate (504) of the 3D MRAM device. Each cell of the first plurality of cells (106, 106-1, 106-2, ...) is separated by an insulating layer of the plurality of insulating layers (120) from another cell of the plurality of cells. Each cell of the first plurality of cells (106, 106-1, 106-2, ...) includes a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure (108) and a second interconnect structure (130) of a second type configured to interface with the MTJ structure (108) of the cell. The first interconnect structure (116) is oriented orthogonally to the second interconnect (130) of each cell of the plurality of cells, and extends through the plurality of cells (106, 106-1, 106-2, ...) to interface with the MTJ structure (108) in each cell.

One example discloses a wireless communications device, including: a first receiver input configured to be coupled to a first end of an antenna and a first end of a sense resistor; wherein the sense resistor is coupled in series with the antenna; a second receiver input configured to be coupled to a second end of the sense resistor; a controller configured to determine an antenna current (Iant) flowing through the antenna based on a voltage between the first receiver input and the second receiver input; wherein the controller is configured to increase the antenna current if the antenna current is below a first predetermined value; and wherein the controller is configured to decrease the antenna current if the antenna current is above a second predetermined value.

The present disclosure relates to a controller configured to: receive a channel impulse response from a UWB node operating in a radar mode, wherein the UWB node is mounted in a vehicle and directed towards a traversal surface of the vehicle such that the channel impulse response is indicative of reflections of a radar signal from the traversal surface; characterise an irregularity in the traversal surface based on the received channel impulse response and one or more signature channel impulse responses, CIRs, wherein each of the signature CIRs are indicative of an irregularity which may be identified in the CIR of the UWB node.

One example discloses A device, including: a conductive element having a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature; a set of tiling elements; wherein the tiling elements are located within a predetermined distance from the first radius of curvature of the conductive element; wherein the tiling elements are located beyond the predetermined distance from the second radius of curvature of the conductive element; and wherein the first radius of curvature is different from the second radius of curvature.

A medical device comprising: a pump unit, wherein the pump unit is configured to control a pump such that the pump is configured to deliver a treatment to a user as required; a power supply unit comprising one or more batteries; an emergency unit configured to perform an emergency procedure if a fault is detected in one or more circuits of the medical device; and a capacitor; wherein the power supply unit is configured to charge the capacitor; the capacitor is configured to power the pump unit; and the capacitor is configured to provide power to the emergency unit.