NXP Semiconductors Patente

An apparatus comprising a power-emitting device comprising an antenna, power circuitry configured to provide power via the antenna for wireless charging of a power-receiving device, and a processor, the processor configured to at least analyse signals from said antenna to determine the presence of the power-receiving device proximal the power-emitting device and to determine the presence of a foreign object, FO, proximal the power-emitting device. Wherein the processor is configured to control the power circuitry to either interrupt or not initiate said provision of power for wireless charging of the power-receiving device based on said analysis of on one or both of said analysis of the signals and the power provided by the power circuitry being indicative of the power-emitting device being proximal to a foreign object. In response to said analysis of the signals being indicative that a FO-removal event has occurred, the processor is configured to control the power circuitry to provide power for wireless charging of the power-receiving device.

Systems and methods for delta-sigma modulators with downsampled digital integrators. In various embodiments, a delta-sigma modulator may include: a comparator configured to receive an analog input and to provide a digital output at a sampling frequency, where the digital output is applied to an integrator path and to a feed-forward path; a digital integrator in the integrator path, where the digital integrator is configured to operate with a clock frequency that is less the sampling frequency; and a summer configured to add an output of the integrator path to an output of the feed-forward path to produce a bitstream.

A wireless receiver circuit comprising terminals for coupling to an antenna and an impedance tuning circuit coupled between the terminals and a receiver path. The impedance tuning circuit being controllable to provide at least two impedance levels. A measurement circuit coupled to the impedance tuning circuit and configured to measure a voltage or current indicative of a signal received by the antenna for each of the at least two impedance levels. A timing circuit comprising one or more delay lines, wherein the one or more delay lines are configured to receive an initialization signal from the measurement circuit or the impedance tuning circuit. The timing circuit configured to provide one or more delayed signals to control of one or both of the measurement circuit and the impedance tuning circuit to measure the voltage or current for each of the two impedance levels.

This disclosure generally relates to a rectifier, a method for a rectifier, and a computer program and more specifically adjusting at least one switching time for a rectifier.

A circuit includes a frequency doubler circuit including doubler core, an input matching network, and a cancellation network between the input matching network and the doubler core. The input matching network may include an input transformer including a primary inductor, a first secondary inductor including a first terminal coupled to a first gate and a second terminal coupled to a second gate of a first transistor pair of the doubler core, and a first center tap configured to receive a first bias voltage to bias the first and second gates. The input transformer may include a second secondary inductor including a first terminal coupled to the third gate and a second terminal coupled to the fourth gate of a second transistor pair of the doubler core, and a second center tap configured to receive a second bias voltage to bias the third and fourth gates of the second transistor pair.

A method is proposed to make more efficient use of limited computing resources in embedded computing devices.

A method of forming a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes applying a first non-conductive layer onto an active side of a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of semiconductor die surrounded by singulation lanes. A trench is formed in the singulation lanes surrounding the semiconductor die and filled with a non-conductive filler. A backside of the semiconductor wafer is ground to expose the non-conductive filler through the backside of the semiconductor wafer. A second non-conductive layer is applied onto the backside of the semiconductor wafer. A singulation cut is formed through a portion of the non-conductive filler to form a plurality of individual packaged semiconductor device units. A predetermined portion of the non-conductive filler remains on each sidewall of the plurality of semiconductor die.

The present disclosure relates to a device, which may be part of an automotive radar system, and which includes a substrate including a first metal layer, at least one dielectric layer, the first metal layer being disposed over the at least one dielectric layer, a second metal layer, the at least one dielectric layer being disposed over the second metal layer, and multiple waveguide structures, each including a portion of the first metal layer and conductive side walls that extend through the at least one dielectric layer from the first metal layer to the second metal layer, the sidewalls defining first openings that extend through the first metal layer, the dielectric layer, and the second metal layer. The first metal layer may include second openings, and each opening of the second openings may laterally surround at least one of the multiple waveguide structures.

An apparatus comprising: a controller configured to control transmission by a Distributed Coherent Radar, DCR, system and a processor configured to process radar signals received by the DCR system;wherein the controller is configured to provide for transmission of a first chirp from a plurality of transmit antennas of a first radar head of the DCR system, and from a first predetermined antenna in a first band and by a second predetermined antenna of a second head in a second band; and provide for transmission of a second chirp from a plurality of transmit antennas of the second radar head, the second predetermined antenna in a fourth band and by the first predetermined antenna in third band; andthe processor is configured to, based on the received signals, determine a phase-noise estimation.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a secure element is provided, comprising: a first physical communication interface; a second physical communication interface; a processing unit configured to perform a first authentication process with a first user through the first physical communication interface and to perform a second authentication process with a second user through the second physical communication interface. In accordance with further aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating a secure element is conceived, and a corresponding computer program is provided.

A method is proposed to improve the resistance to fault attacks.

Systems and method for encoding and decoding ultra-wide band (UWB) communication signals, wherein encoding includes block interleaving at either bit-level or symbol-level following convolutional encoding, and wherein decoding includes block de-interleaving UWB symbols or log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) prior to convolutional decoding. Decoding may further include detecting and nulling (or lowering) outlier UWB symbols or LLRs determined to be affected by interference, prior to block de-interleaving.

Wilkinson power dividers (100, 200, 300, 400) (or combiners) include a first positive output terminal (106, 306) and a second positive output terminal (110, 310) connected to a positive trace in a first plane and a first negative output terminal (108, 308) and a second negative output terminal (112, 312) connected to a negative trace in a second plane spaced apart from the first plane, e.g., in different circuit layers, with minimal overlap and crossings of positive and negative portions of the traces near the midpoints (222, 422) of the traces. The positive and negative traces are substantially symmetric to one another, and cascading various ones of the power dividers disclosed herein enables implementation of N-way Wilkinson power dividers.

A bias circuit configured to provide a differential voltage and a common-mode voltage. The bias circuit includes a differential circuit and a common-mode circuit. The differential circuit includes a first differential input resistor, a first differential output resistor, a second differential output resistor, and a second differential input resistor connected together in series, in that order, between first and second differential input terminals. A first differential output terminal is connected to a node between the first differential input resistor and the first differential output resistor; and a second differential output terminal is connected to a node between the second differential output resistor and the second differential input resistor. The common-mode circuit includes: a common-mode transistor has a conduction channel connected in series between: i) the node between the first differential output resistor and the second differential output resistor; and ii) a reference terminal; a common-mode resistor connected between: i) the node between the first differential output resistor and the second differential output resistor; and ii) a control terminal of the common-mode transistor; and a common-mode current source connected between the control terminal of the common-mode transistor and the reference terminal.

A method is proposed to improve the resistance of signature generation against physical attacks.

Substantially equal mutual inductances 120, 122, 520, 920 between a primary coil 114, 404, 514, 804, 914, 1104 and respective secondary windings 116, 118, 516, 518, 519, 916, 918, 921, 923 of a secondary coil 308, 714, 1044 of a transformer 100, 400, 500, 800, 900, 1100 with an integrated differential Wilkinson power divider or combiner help to ensure balanced outputs for the transformer. The primary coil and the secondary coil are substantially symmetric to provide a high coupling between the coils, and the secondary windings of the secondary coil are substantially symmetric to help provide the substantially equal mutual inductances. The secondary windings of the secondary coil cross over each other an equal number of times to further ensure balanced outputs for the transformer.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, an access device is provided, comprising: an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging unit configured to perform one or more ranging operations; a gait determination unit configured to determine a gait of a user of the access device; a processing unit configured to analyze the gait determined by the gait determination unit and to allow the UWB ranging unit to perform said ranging operations in dependence on a result of analyzing said gait. In accordance with further aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding operating method is conceived, and a corresponding computer program is provided.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a mobile device is provided, comprising: a localization unit configured to determine a location of the mobile device within a predefined space; a user interface configured to operate in different modes of operation; a processing unit configured to cause the user interface to operate in a specific one of said different modes of operation in dependence on the location determined by the localization unit. In accordance with further aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating a mobile device is conceived, and a computer program for carrying out said method is provided.

Disclosed is a wireless charging receiver (100), comprising a rectifier unit (110), the rectifier unit (110) comprising access nodes (121, 122) being configured to provide a coupling to an external antenna (125); and a power path control unit (120), comprising a third access node (123) configured to provide electric power to a connected device (30); and a fourth access node (124) configured to provide electric power to an external energy storage unit (15), wherein the power path control unit (120) is configured to provide essentially constant impedance to a rectifier unit input during the provision of electric power to at least one of: the connected device, the connected energy storage unit (15). Energy paths to the external device and the energy storage unit may be operated separately in trickle charge and may be combined in constant current charging mode and constant voltage charging mode of the external energy storage unit.

Symmetric spiral configurations of portions of a negative trace (302, 1002) and a positive trace (202, 902) with opposite orientations provide for a field cancellation effect in a Wilkinson power divider (100, 600, 700, 1100) (or combiner), wherein magnetic fields produced by the positive trace (202, 902) are substantially cancelled out by magnetic fields produced by the negative trace (302, 1002). The geometries of the positive trace (202, 902) and the negative trace (302, 1002) effectively produce isolation inductors (126, 128, 626, 628, 632, 638, 642, 646, 726, 728, 732, 738, 742, 746). Some implementations utilize a transformer (800), which includes a first positive input port (802) and a first negative input port (804), an amplifier (806), and a transformer (808), which include an input shunt inductor (814) of the differential power divider as part of the transformer.

A processor and methods of detecting a corrupted instruction stream within a processor include executing, by the processor, a program including a plurality of basic blocks, each of which includes a sequence of instructions to be executed by the processor without branching. The method includes implicitly initializing a first cyclic-redundancy-check (CRC) generator based on a first portion of an address of a first instruction in a first basic block and a second CRC generator based on a second portion of the address of the first instruction, generating, by the first CRC generator, a first CRC output according to a first polynomial and, by the second CRC generator, a second CRC output according to a second polynomial, and when an end of the first basic block is reached without encountering an instruction to transfer control from a first function to a second function, selectively deferring a CRC check operation.

Joint packet communication includes transmitting, by an initial source node, at least a prefix of a joint packet over a shared communication medium. One or more additional source nodes on the shared communication medium transmit respective data of the joint packet over the shared communication medium after the transmission by the initial source node in a respective time interval. A final source node on the shared communication medium transmits at least a postfix of the joint packet after the transmission by the one or more additional source nodes. A destination node receives the joint packet over the shared communication medium and optionally dispatches the data of the source nodes to another network device.

A voltage limiter for a voltage regulator includes two comparison paths, each with a transistor. One comparison path is coupled to a reference voltage, the other is coupled to the regulator output. The limiter includes a resistor in a path between the control terminals of the two transistors to provide a voltage drop in response to current flowing through the resistor. The second comparison path includes a trigger node whose voltage controls the conductivity of a shunt transistor for shunting current from the regulator output. The voltage limiter includes a current control circuit for controlling a current through the resistor to generate the voltage drop across the resistor, wherein the current control circuit adjusts the current through the resistor to control the voltage drop based on a voltage of the trigger node.

A semiconductor device apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a packaged semiconductor device (100) mounted on a substrate (132). The packaged semiconductor device includes a semiconductor die (102) having a controller configured to obtain a measured capacitance of a sensor capacitor (138), an encapsulant (122) encapsulating the semiconductor die, and a first plate (114) of the sensor capacitor formed at a bottom side of the packaged semiconductor device. A second plate (128) of the sensor capacitor is formed at a top side of the substrate.

The disclosure relates to methods of providing a response to a user query. A query is derived from the user query. An embedded query is obtained by passing the query through a first portion of a trained large language model. A semantically relevant element is obtained from an embedded database. The embedded database was obtained by embedding an initial database using the first portion of the trained large language model. The semantically relevant element is combined with the embedded query to form an augmented query. A response is provided (222) to the user query by passing (220) the augmented query through a second portion of the trained large language model.

A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system includes transmit optics to transmit a LIDAR transmit signal, receive optics to receive a receive a signal reflected by an object, and a correlator to sample a value of the reflected signal based on a characteristic of the transmit signal, such as a rising edge, a falling edge, or a peak of the transmit signal. The correlator includes a plurality of correlator bins to sample values of the reflected signal at different time increments. The correlator bins include clock inputs that are clocked or activated by the transmit signal.

One example discloses an electric device, including: a first capacitor including a conductive plate; wherein the conductive plate has a first edge-radius and a second edge-radius; and wherein the first edge-radius is different from the second edge-radius.

A system (200, 300), method and vehicle are arranged to identify an attack on a software defined vehicle, SDV comprising a central controller (212) having a host processor (217); a security secure element, SE, (214) with an attack counter, AC, (216). The AC counts a number of SDV attacks in response to a sensor input and the security SE generates encrypted attack logs in response to the count. A secure backend cloud server (220) forms a secure wireless connection with the central controller and decrypts encrypted attack logs. The central controller wirelessly forwards the generated encrypted attack logs to the secure backend cloud server; and an Attack Evaluation Laboratory (230) analyses decrypted attack logs and in response thereto provides at least one attack-related recommendation to at least one of: the central controller, the security SE.

An architecture (300) is arranged to (re-)configure a software defined vehicle, SDV, that includes electronic control unit, ECU comprising: a host processor (330); and a single secure element, SE, (340) operably coupled to the host processor (330), wherein the SE (340) comprises: a main credential applet (342) operably coupled to at least one application applet (344, 346, 348, 350, 352) and the main credential applet (342) is arranged to program the at least one application applet (344, 346, 348, 350, 352).

One example discloses a protection device, including: a wireless receiver; wherein the wireless receiver is configured to receive a command from a monitoring device; a protection element configured to be coupled to a first physical structure; wherein the monitoring device includes a sensor configured to predict a physical collision between the first physical structure and a second physical structure; wherein the monitoring device is configured to transmit the command in response to predicting the physical collision; a controller coupled to the wireless receiver and the protection element; wherein the controller is configured to activate the protection element in response to receiving the command; and wherein upon activation, the protection element is physically positioned between the first physical structure and the second physical structure.

The invention relates to an automotive controller (100) for a vehicle (102) configured to: receive (224) external sensing data representative of an area surrounding the vehicle; determine approaching user data from the external sensing data, wherein the approaching user data represents one or more approaching users (108-1, 108-2, 108-3); and output (226) a control signal to set one or more personalised vehicle settings based on the approaching user data.The invention further relates to a corresponding method.

An electrostatic discharge circuit for a semiconductor die includes a discharge circuit including a discharge path between an ESD rail and a lower supply voltage rail for carrying current between the ESD rail and the lower supply voltage rail to reduce the voltage of the ESD rail. The discharge circuit including a plurality of control devices, wherein each control device of the plurality of control devices is located in the discharge path to control the flow of current through the discharge path. Each control device of the plurality of control devices includes a control terminal that is coupled to a respective supply voltage terminal of a plurality of supply voltage terminals.

An antenna arrangement comprising: a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transmitter path extending from a first end to a second end wherein the first antenna is arranged at the second end of the first transmitter path; a second transmitter path extending from a first end to a second end wherein the second antenna is arranged at the second end of the second transmitter path; a matching circuit comprising a first capacitor along the first transmitter path, a second capacitor arranged along the second transmitter path; a first receiver path coupled to the first transmitter path at a first tapping point; and a second receiver path coupled to the second transmitter path at a second tapping point; and wherein the antenna arrangement is absent an intermediate reference voltage node between the first antenna and the second antenna.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a near field communication (NFC) device is provided, comprising: a wake-up unit configured to: transmit one or more radio frequency, RF, pulses; detect a loading condition change occurring in response to transmitting said RF pulses; wake up one or more functional components of the NFC device if said loading condition change exceeds a predefined wake-up threshold; and a calibration state determination unit configured to determine a calibration state of the wake-up unit by detecting whether the loading condition change is within a predefined range below the wake-up threshold. In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating an NFC device is conceived.

An antenna arrangement comprising: a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transmitter path coupled to the first antenna comprising a first matching circuit, the first matching circuit comprising a first serial capacitor divider arranged in series with the first antenna; a second transmitter path coupled to the second antenna comprising a second matching circuit comprising a second serial capacitor divider arranged in series with the second antenna; a first receiver path coupled to the first transmitter path at a first tapping point between capacitors of the first serial capacitor divider; a second receiver path coupled to the second transmitter path at a second tapping point between capacitors of the second serial capacitor divider; and a second node of the first antenna is coupled to the reference voltage node; and a second node of the second antenna is coupled to the reference voltage node.

An antenna arrangement comprising: a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transmitter path having: the first antenna located its second end; and a first matching circuit arranged between a first end of the first transmitter path and the first antenna; a second transmitter path having: the second antenna located its second end; and a second matching circuit arranged between a first end of the second transmitter path and the second antenna; a first receiver path coupled to the first transmitter path at a first tapping point arranged between the first end of the first transmitter path and the first antenna; a second receiver path coupled to the second transmitter path at a second tapping point arranged between the first end of the second transmitter path and the second antenna; and a balun arranged to electrically isolate the first antenna from the second antenna.

An ultra-wide band (UWB) system, a target device and a method are disclosed. In an embodiment, the UWB system comprises a UWB transceiver configured to transmit and receive signals over a specific frequency range, and a UWB processor operably connected to the UWB to process the signals. The UWB processor being configured to broadcast parameters associated with a first authentication value, the parameters being sufficient to derive the first authentication value at a plurality of mobile devices, receive a plurality of second authentication values from the plurality of mobile devices, and receive a ranging data set for each valid second authentication value from a target secure element, the ranging data set being used to authenticate a mobile device associated with the valid second authentication value for secure communication via the UWB transceiver.

A neural network processor processes layers of a neural network with a number of processing elements (PEs) configured to operate in lock-step and has a same number of memory zones. During a lock-step cycle, within each memory zone, a first set of zone memories are configured to store neural network layer input data, a second set of zone memories are configured to store neural network layer weights and a third set of zone memories are configured to store neural network layer results. A processing element has exclusive access to (i) a first set of zone memories, (ii) a second set of zone memories and (iii) a third set of zone memories. The sets of zone memories can be in the same or different zones during a lock-step cycle. A data mover has exclusive access to a fourth set of zone memories in each of the memory zones.

The present disclosure relates to an Ethernet Phy comprising: an analog interface for connecting to a communication media, a digital interface, and a wake-up interface, wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to change from a sleep mode to an active mode, or vice versa, wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to receive a first analog signal via the analog interface, wherein the first analog signal represents an Ethernet frame, wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to transmit the Ethernet frame in the active mode only via the digital interface, wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to receive a first wake-up signal in the sleep mode via the wake-up interface representing a first wake-up identifier or a second wake-up identifier, wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to change from the sleep mode to the active mode in response to the case where the first wake-up signal representing one of the first or second wake-up identifier, and wherein the Ethernet Phy is configured to remain in the sleep mode in response to the case where the first wake-up signal representing the other one of the first or second wake-up identifier. The present disclosure also relates to a method for the Ethernet Phy.

Process handler for executing secure operations is disclosed. A token is provided to a user device by a process initiator based on an input received from a user of the user device. The token and user data associated with the input are further received by the process handler from the process initiator and stored by the process handler. When the user device is in proximity of the process handler, the process handler establishes a secure ultrawideband ranging session with the user device and further receives the token from the user device. A match between the received token from the user device and the stored token in the process handler is identified. The process handler validates the user device based on the match. Based on the validation of the user device, the process handler executes the secure operation on the user data.